Plants – Herbaceous ornamnental flowering plant – Chrysanthemum
Plant Patent
2000-02-14
2002-12-17
Campell, Bruce R. (Department: 1661)
Plants
Herbaceous ornamnental flowering plant
Chrysanthemum
Plant Patent
active
PP013387
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new and distinctive chrysanthemum plant, hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 92-296-25. This new cultivar was the result of a cross in 1989 between
Dendranthema weyrichii
and
Dendranthema×grandiflora
. More specifically, the breeding program which resulted in the production of the new cultivar was carried out in St. Paul., Minn. The female or seed parent of 92-296-25 was
Dendranthema weyrichii
‘Pink Bomb’ (unpatented), commercially available from White Flower Farms, Conn. having the following characteristics: (a) the plant habit is prostrate and the plant spreads via rhizomes to form a large mat after the first year; (b) the plant has a diameter of about 1.5′ and is about 5-6″ tall; (c) the plant is hardy in zones 4-9 (Southeast)Zone 10 (west); (d) the flower of the plant is a single daisy, having light lavender-colored ray florets and central disc florets with yellow pollen; (e) the plant has leaves that are dark green in color, with a very shiny leaf surface (glossy), and glabrous leaf margins that are deeply incised, and (f) the plant tends to rosette, needs cold treatment to flower consistently, flowering can be sporadic with gaps in the plant architecture and the plant is an obligate short-day plant. The male or pollen parent of 92-296-25 was
Dendranthema×grandiflora
, either ‘Crusader’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,531) or ‘Adorn’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,059) which is commercially available from Yoder Brothers, Inc., Barberton, Ohio or Pan American Plant Co. Both plants were adjacent to the female parent. ‘Crusader’ and ‘Adorn’ each have the following characteristics: (a) the plant habit is cushion; (b) the plant dimensions are similar to other cushion types commercially available from Yoder Brothers, Inc., such as, but not limited to, the variety ‘Monterey’; (c) the plants are hardy in zones 6-9 (Southeast)/Zone 10 (west); (d) the flower is a single or duplex daisy, lavender (‘Crusader’) or deep purple (‘Adorn’) in color, central disc florets with yellow pollen; (e) the plant has leaves that are similar to other Yoder Brothers, Inc. cushion series chrysanthemums; and (f) the plant is a faculative short-day plant. The resulting seed, identified as 90-287-145 was collected. In 1991, a plant of 90-287-145 was crossed as the male parent with plants identified as 83-267-3, a University of Minnesota
Dendranthema×grandiflora
parental selection (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,884), as the female parent and the resulting seeds, identified as cross-number 92-296 (unpatented) were collected. In 1992, seedlings of the cross 92-296 were germinated and flowering progeny were evaluated. 92-296-25 was the twenty-fifth plant from the cross and was selected during the fall of 1992. The parentage of the new cultivar can be summarized as follows:
[
Dendranthema×grandiflora
]×(
Dendranthema weyrichii×Dendranthema×grandiflora
).
Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar by terminal or stem cuttings taken during 1993 through 1999 at St. Paul, Minn., U.S.A. has demonstrated that the characteristics of the new cultivar as herein described are firmly fixed and are retained through successive generations of such asexual propagation.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
It was found that the cultivar of the present invention:
(a) Exhibits extreme hybrid vigor,
(b) Develops, in its second and subsequent years after planting, when grown in the fall under natural daylength and without the application of growth regulators, into a flowering herbaceous shrub having a plant height of from about 2.5 to about 3.0 feet and a spread from about 3.0 to about 7.0 feet,
(c) Exhibits, in its second and subsequent years after planting and during the fall season (August-October), a massive floral display,
(d) Displays flowers which are singly toned with grey, giving the flower petals a slightly altered coloration,
(e) Exhibits superior winter hardiness, including frost tolerance, and
(f) Exhibits self-pinching.
The 92-296-25 cultivar has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions to date. Accordingly, it is possible that the phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in the environment, such as temperature, light intensity, and day length.
When the new cultivar of the present invention is compared to ‘Emily’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,754), it is found to exhibit a more spreading and prolific habit accompanied with a massive floral display in its second and subsequent years after planting. Reference is made to attached Table 1 which compares certain characteristics of 92-296-25 to ‘Emily’.
TABLE 1
CHARACTERISTIC
92-296-25
Emily
Capitulum form and type
Single daisy
Flat decorative with
many ray florets
Plant Height
About 19 to 20 inches
14 inches
(first year);
about 2.5 to 3.0 feet
(second year)
Branching Pattern
Spreading and very
Spreading and prolific
prolific
Flowering Response
5.5 weeks
6 weeks
Flower diameter
6 cm
5.7 to 7.0 cm
Ray florets, color, mature
Lavender
Light pink with darker
center
The new cultivar of the present invention is distinguished from its parents by its shrub-like growth in the second and successive years of growth, its superior winter hardiness, frost tolerance, and tendency to attract butterflies. Its parents (83
0
267-3 and 90-287-145) were cushion in habit.
TABLE 2
Characteristic
92-296-25
83-267-3
90-287-145
Flower Color
Lavender
White
Lavender
Flower Type
Daisy
Semi-Double
Daisy
Flowering
Short Day
Day neutral
Short day
Response
Stamens
141
15
109
Pistils
34
120
31
Seeds/Fruit
Number of
175
135
140
Shape
Oblanceolate
Oblanceolate
Oblanceolate
achene
achene
achene
Color
RHS brown,
RHS gray,
RHS brown,
group 200 D
group 201C
group 200 B
REFERENCES:
patent: PP7513 (1991-04-01), VandenBerg
patent: PP7754 (1991-12-01), VandenBerg
patent: PP8759 (1994-05-01), VandenBerg
patent: PP9445 (1996-01-01), VandenBerg
patent: PP10848 (1999-04-01), VandenBerg
patent: PP10909 (1999-05-01), Wain
patent: PP10943 (1999-06-01), Fuess
patent: PP11009 (1999-07-01), Davino, Jr.
patent: PP11032 (1999-08-01), Glicenstein
Peter Ascher, et al., Maxi-Mums A Horticultural Breakthrough!, Minnesota Report 242-1997 University of Minnesota, Distribution Center Publication MR-67280B Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station University of Minnesota (1997).
R.B. Clark, History of Culture of Hardy Chrysanthemums, National Chrysanthemum Society 18(3):144, 1962.
W.W. Garner, et al., Flowering and Fruiting of Plants as Controlled By The Length Of Day, 1920, p. 377-400, Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture, 1920, USA.
Peter Ascher, et al., Breeding and New Cultivars, Academic Perspective, Tips on Growing and Marketing Garden Mums, Ohio Florist's Association 1996.
Bradford Bearce, et al., Chrysanthemums A Manual of the Culture, Diseases, Insects and Ecocomics of Chrysanthemums, Jun. 1964, pp. 6-19, Prepared for The New York State Extension Service Chrysanthemum School with the Cooperation of the New York State Flower Growers Association, Inc.
Neil O. Anderson, et al., Rapid Generation Cycling of Chrysanthemum Using Laboratory Seed Development and Embryo Rescue Techniques, Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, Mar. 1990, pp. 329-336, vol. 115(2), Alexandria, Virginia 22314.
Leon Glicenstein, Breeding and New Cultivars, Commercial Perspective, Tips on Growing and Marketing Garden Mums, Ohio Florist's Association 1996.
M.A. Nazeer, et al., Cytyogenetical Evolution of Garden Chrysanthemum, Current Science, Jun. 20, 1982, Vo. 51, No. 12.
Edward Higgins, Containers and Marketing, Tips on Growing and Marketing Garden Mums, Ohio Florist's Association 1996.
Naomasa Shimotomai, Bastardierungsversuche bei Chrysanthemum I., Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series, B, Div. 2, vol. 1, Art. 3, 1931.
Naomasa Shimotomai, Bastardierungsversuche bei Chrysanthemum II. Eentstehung eines fruchtbaren Bastardes (haploid 4n2) aus der Kreuzung vonCh. marginatum(hapl. 5n) mitCh. morifolium(hapl. 3n), Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series B, Div. 2, v
Anderson Neil Owen
Ascher Peter David
Campell Bruce R.
Fish & Richardson P.C. P.A.
Para A
Regents of the University of Minnesota
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