Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system doai
Reexamination Certificate
2011-03-15
2011-03-15
Fay, Zohreh A (Department: 1627)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring system doai
C514S912000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07906498
ABSTRACT:
Topical application of cholesterol has been found to be effective in preventing, treating or ameliorating the damage to the cornea caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae. Topical administration of cholesterol caused a significant decrease in the inflammation of the eye. In addition, cholesterol was surprisingly found to be a bactericide toStreptococcus pneumoniaeoutside the cornea. The effect of cholesterol can be enhanced by further administering a steroid or an antibiotic to the cornea.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4804539 (1989-02-01), Guo et al.
patent: 6791059 (2004-09-01), Smart
patent: 6878899 (2005-04-01), Smart
patent: 2004/0224010 (2004-11-01), Hofland et al.
Baba H et al., “Essential role of domain 4 of pneumolysin fromStreptococcus pneumoniaein cytolytic activity as determined by truncated proteins,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., vol. 281, pp. 37-44 (2001).
Canvin, J.R. et al., “Streptococcus pneumoniaeproduces a second haemolysin that is distinct from pneumolysin,” Microb. Pathog., vol. 22, pp. 129-132 (1997).
Ferrante, A. et al., “Inhibition of in vitro human lymphocyte response by the penumococcal toxin pneumolysin,” Infect. Immun., vol. 46, pp. 585-589 (1984).
Johnson M.K. et al., “Effects of pneumolysin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets,” Infect. Immun., vol. 34, pp. 171-176 (1981).
Johnson M.K., “Properties of purified pneumococcal hemolysin.” Infect. Immun. vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 755-760 (1972).
Nöllmann, M. et al., “The role of cholesterol in the activity of pneumolysin, a bacterial protein toxin,” Biophysical Journal, vol. 86, pp. 3141-3151 (2002).
Reed, J.M. et al., “Ocular virulence of capsule-deficientStreptococcus pneumoniaein a rabbit keratitis model,” IOVS, vol. 46, pp. 604-608 (2004).
Alcantara, B.B. et al., “Pneumolysin-induced complement depletion during experimental pneumococcal bacteremia,” Infect. Immun., vol. 69, pp. 3569-3575 (2001).
Alexander, J.E. et al., “Amino acid changes affecting the activity of pneumolysin alter the behaviour of pneumococci in pneumonia,” Microb. Pathog., vol. 24, pp. 167-174 (1998).
Baba, H. et al., “Essential role of domain 4 of pneumolysin fromStreptococcus pneumoniaein cytolytic activity as determined by truncated proteins,” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., vol. 281, pp. 37-44 (2001).
Balachandran, P. et al., “The autolytic enzyme LytA ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeis not responsible for releasing pneumolysin,” J. Bacteriol., vol. 183, pp. 3108-3116 (2001).
Barequet, I.S. et al., “Treatment of experimental bacterial keratitis with topical trovafloxacin,” Arch. Ophthalmol., vol. 122, pp. 65-59 (2004).
Benton, K.A. et al., “Differences in virulence for mice amongStreptococcus pneumoniaestrains of capsular types 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are not attributable to differences in pneumolysin production,” Infect. Immun., vol. 65, pp. 1237-1244 (1997).
Benton, K.A. et al., “Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the host response of mice to bacteremia caused by pneumolsin-deficientStreptococcus pneumoniae,” Infect. Immun., vol. 66, pp. 839-842 (1998).
Benton, K.A. et al., “The hemolytic and complement-activating properties of pneumolysin do not contribute individually to virulence in a pneumococcal bacteremia model,” Microb. Pathog., vol. 23, pp. 201-209 (1997).
Berry, A.M. et al., “Effect of defined point mutations in the pneumolysin gene on the virulence ofStreptococcus pneumoniae,” Infect. Immun., vol. 63, pp. 1969-1974 (1995).
Bharathi, M.J. et al., “In-vitro efficacy of antibacterials against bacterial isolates from corneal ulcers,” Indian J. Ophthalmol., vol. 50, pp. 109-114 (2002).
Bonev, B.B. et al., “Structural analysis of the protein/lipid complexes associated with pore formation by the bacterial toxin pneumolysin,” J. Biol. Chem., vol. 276, pp. 5714-5719 (2001).
Boonpasart, S. et al., “Infectious keratitis at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital: a 12-year retrospective study of 391 cases,” J. Med. Assoc. Thai., vol. 85, Suppl 1, pp. S217-S230 (2002).
Braun, J.S. et al., “Pneumococcal pneumolysin and H2O2mediate brain cell apoptosis during meningitis,” J. Clin. Invest., vol. 109, pp. 19-27 (2002).
Callegan, M.C. et al., “Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of bacterial keratitis,” Clin. Pharmacokinet., vol. 27, pp. 129-149 (1994).
Claverys, J.P. et al., “Adaptation to the environment:Streptococcus pneumoniae, a paradigm for recombination-mediated genetic plasticity?,” Mol. Microbiol., vol. 35, pp. 251-259 (2000).
Cockeran, R. et al., “The role of pneumolysin in the pathogenesis ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeinfection,” Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis., vol. 15, pp. 235-239 (2002).
Colino, J. et al., “Two distinct mechanisms for induction of dendritic cell apoptosis in response to intactStreptococcus pneumoniae,” J. Immunol., vol. 171, pp. 2354-2365 (2003).
Comis, S.D. et al., “Cytotoxic effects on hair cells of guinea pig cochlea produced by pneumolysin, the thiol activated toxin ofStreptococcus pneumoniae,” Acta Otolaryngol., vol. 113, pp. 152-159 (1993).
Cutarelli, P.E. et al., “Antimicrobial activity and in vitro corneal epithelial toxicity of antimicrobial agents for gram-positive corneal pathogens,” Curr. Eye Res., vol. 12, pp. 603-608 (1993).
Friedland, I.R. et al., “The limited role of pneumolysin in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis,” J. Infect. Dis., vol. 172, pp. 805-809 (1995).
Gertz, R.E.J. et al., “Clonal distribution of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children and selected adults in the United States prior to 7-valent conjugate vaccine introduction,” J. Clin. Microbiol., vol. 41, pp. 4194-4216 (2003).
Gritz et al., “Recurrence of microbial keratitis concomitant with antiinflammatory treatment in an animal model,” Cornea, vol. 11, pp. 404-408 (1992).
Guzek, J.P. et al., “RabbitStreptococcus pneumoniaekeratitis model and topical therapy,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., vol. 39, pp. 2012-2017 (1998).
Harrison, J.C. et al., “Response of leukopenic rabbits to pneumococcal toxin,” Curr. Eye Res., vol. 2, pp. 705-710 (1982).
Hoskins, J. et al., “Genome of the bacteriumStreptococcus pneumoniaestrain R6,” J. Bacteriol., vol. 183, pp. 5709-5717 (2001).
Jedrzejas, M.J., “Pneumococcal virulence factors: structure and function,” Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., vol. 65, pp. 187-207 (2001).
Johnson, M.K. et al., “Confirmation of the role of pneumolysin in ocular infections withStreptococcus pneumoniae,” Curr. Eye Res., vol. 11, pp. 1221-1225 (1992).
Johnson, M.K. et al., “Growth and virulence of a complement-activation-negative mutant ofStreptococcus pneumoniaein the rabbit cornea,” Curr. Eye Res., vol. 14, pp. 281-284 (1995).
Johnson, M.K. et al., “Ocular toxin of the pneumococcus,” Am. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 72, pp. 175-180 (1971).
Johnson, M.K. et al., “The role of cytolysin in pneumococcal ocular infection,” Am. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 80, pp. 518-521 (1995).
Johnson, M.K. et al., “The role of pneumolysin in ocular infections withStreptococcus pneumoniae,” Curr. Eye Res., vol. 9, pp. 1107-1114 (1990).
Jounblat, R. et al., “Pneumococcal behavior and host responses during bronchopneumonia are affected differently by the cytolytic and complement-activating activities of pneumolysin,” Infect. Immun., vol. 71, pp. 1813-1819 (2003).
Kadioglu, A. et al., “Upper and lower respiratory tract infection byStreptococcus pneumoniaeis affected by pneumolysin deficiency and differences in capsule type.,” Infect. Immun., vol. 70, pp. 2886-2890 (2002).
Kanclerski, K. et al., “Production and purification ofStreptococcus pneumoniaehemolysin (pneumolysin),” J. Clin.
Marquart Mary E.
O'Callaghan Richard J.
Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University And Agricultu
Davis Bonnie J.
Fay Zohreh A
Runnels John H.
LandOfFree
Cholesterol as an antibiotic for Streptococcus pneumoniae does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Cholesterol as an antibiotic for Streptococcus pneumoniae, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Cholesterol as an antibiotic for Streptococcus pneumoniae will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2716615