Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heavy metal containing
Reexamination Certificate
1999-10-13
2001-07-10
Killos, Paul J. (Department: 1621)
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heavy metal containing
C564S155000, C564S158000, C558S351000, C556S056000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06258966
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chiral ligand, especially relates to a novel chiral ligand to complex with Ti (O
i
Pr)
4
to catalyze the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanides to aldehydes to give optically active hydroxylcyanides.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Optically pure cyanohydrins are versatile synthetic intermediates, the two functional groups being easily manipulated into a wide range of other chiral products such as &agr;-hydroxy acids, &agr;-hydroxy aldehydes, &agr;-hydroxy ketones, &bgr;-hydroxy amines and &agr;-amino acid derivatives etc.
The usual synthetic route to cyanohydrins was invented more than one hundred years ago. However, the cyanohydrin produced by this well known way is a racemic product. If optically active cyanohydrins are required for further asymmetric synthesis, additional resolution steps for the racemic cyanohydrin would be needed. To overcome this problem, several asymmetrical synthesis of cyanohydrin have been developed. Most of these asymmetric syntheses used a chiral catalyst to induce the formation of just one enantiomer of the cyanohydrin. So far, a number of different catalyses have been investigated, including enzymes, polymeric reagents, peptides and organometallic species. Among them, organometallic species are the catalysts developed most recently.
Organometallic species, which were used as the catalyses to catalyze the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes, were disclosed in several technical literatures. However, drawbacks could also be found among these organometallic species. For example, the organometallic complexes of binaphthaol and titanium tetraisopropoxide, reported by Nakai et al., have enantioselectivity only for aromatic aldehydes. The organometallic complexes reported by Jiang et al. have enantioselectivity but are easily deteriorated by acids. Bolm et al. also reported organometallic complexes with good enantioselectivity, but stoichiometric amounts of the organometallic complexes catalyst were required.
The inventor Uang et al. disclosed new ligands, i.e. ligand(I) and ligand (I′),
that can complex with titanium tetraisopropxide [Ti(O
i
Pr)
4
] to form catalysts of the addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to benzaldehyde in the pending patent application (application no. TW 87112176). The organometallic complexes catalyst containing chiral ligand (I) has acceptable enantioselectivities for all kinds of aldehydes. In particular, high enantioselectivities can be observed for aliphatic aldehydes. As used for catalyzing the synthesis of the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes to give optically active cyanohydrins, only catalytic amounts of the chiral ligand (I) (or (I′)) are required. Although acceptable enantioselectivities for all kinds of aldehydes can be observed when the chiral ligand (I) (or (I′)) is used for catalyzing the synthesis of the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes to give optically active cyanohydrins, enantioselectivity more than 90% is rarely, if ever, observed. Ligands which can be used for catalyzing the synthesis of the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes to give optically active cyanohydrins with enantioselectivity greater than 90% are in high demand now.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel chiral ligand of the formula (II)
The organometallic complex catalyst formed from chiral ligand (II) and titanium tetraisopropxide could catalyze the addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to give optically active cyanohydrin in the presence of molecular sieves 4 Å at −78° C. In addition, the used chiral ligands could be retrieved from the reaction mixture for recycling.
As used for catalyzing the synthesis of the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes to give optically active cyanohydrins, only catalytic amounts of the chiral ligand (II) of the present invention are required. The organometallic complexes catalyst containing the chiral ligand (II) of the present invention have acceptable enantioselectivities for all kinds of aldehydes. High enatnioselectivities, even higher than 90% can be observed for aliphatic aldehydes.
The present invention also relates to a novel diastereomer of the formula (II′) of the chiral ligands of the formula (II):
The synthesis and the application of the novel ligand (II′) is very similar to those of the ligand (II). Anyone who is familiar with these arts can understand and derive the application and the synthesis of ligand (II′) according to the application and the synthesis of ligand (II) disclosed in the description of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The chiral ligand (II) of the present invention was synthesized by the following procedures. First, ketopinic acid chloride was used to react with trans-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenyl ethylene diamine. After the product of the above reaction was purified, the carbonyl group of the purified product was further reduced to give the chiral ligand (II).
The ligand (II) of the present invention can be used for the synthesis of cyanohydrin by the following procedures: The chiral ligand (II) of the present invention was mixed with molecular 4 Å powders and titanium tetraisopropxide (Ti(O
i
Pr)
4
). After fully stirring, trimethylsilyl cyanide was added to the reaction mixture. After the temperature of the reaction mixture was cooled to −78° C., and the aldehyde was added into the reaction mixture. Optically active cyanohydrin can then be obtained through purification.
More detailed examples are used to illustrate the present invention, and these examples are used to explain the present invention. The examples below, which are given simply by way of illustration, must not be taken to limit the scope of the invention.
Preparation 1: the Preparation of Compound (III)
(1R,2R)-N,N′-bis[(1S,4R)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptylcarboxyl]-N,N′-diphenyl ethylene diamine (III)
Ketopinic acid chloride (100.5 mmole) in CH
2
Cl
2
was added to a stirred solution of trimethylamine (100 mmole), optically active trans-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenyl ethylene diamine and CH
2
Cl
2
(100 ml) at 0° C. over a 1 h period. After stirring for another 1 h, deionized water (100 ml) was added to the mixture. The mixture was neutralized and extracted with CH
2
Cl
2
. The CH
2
Cl
2
layer was then washed with brine (2×200 ml), dried, filtered, concentrated and purified by column chromatography to furnish compound (III), as a white solid. Yield 95%.
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3
): &dgr;8.48(d, J=6Hz, 2H), 7.10-7.22(m, 10H), 5.45(dd, J=2, 6Hz, 2H), 2.39-2.48(m, 2H), 1.96-2.08(m, 6H), 1.46-1.60(m, 2H), 1.36-1.43(m, 2H), 1.15(s, 6H), 0.87(s, 6H),
Analysis:
Calcd: C, 75.53; H, 7.46; N, 5.18
Found: C, 75.47; H, 7.43; N, 5.05
Preparation 2: the Preparation of Compound (II)
(1R,2R)-N,N′-bis[1S,2R,4R]-7,7-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-bicyclo [2.2.1]heptyl carboxyl]-N,N′-diphenyl ethylene diamine (II)
To a solution of (III) (4 mmole) in THF(5 ml) under argon at −78° C. was added 1 N L-selectride in THF(18.0 ml) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 h followed by 1 h at room temperature. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched by the successive addition of EtOH (12 ml), 3 N aq. NaOH (16 ml), followed by the dropwise addition of 30% H
2
O
2
(12 ml) over a 30 min. period. The aqueous phase was saturated with K
2
CO
3
and extracted with CH
2
Cl
2
. The organic phase was dried with Na
2
SO
4
, and filtered. The CH
2
Cl
2
layer was concentrated to furnish compound (II), as a white solid. Yield 95%.
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3
): &dgr;7.86(d, J=8Hz, 2H), 7.16(m, 6H) , 7.03(m, 4H), 5.39(d, J=8Hz, 2H), 5.29(dd, J=8, 4Hz, 2H), 3.89(m, 2H), 2.46(m, 2H), 1.94(m, 4H), 1.75(m, 4H), 1.06(m, 4H), 0.97(s, 6H), 0.80(s, 6H)
13
C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl
3
): &dgr;173.49(c), 137.83(c), 128.43(2CH), 127.
Uang Biing-Jiun
Yang Chun-Tzu
Bacon & Thomas PLLC
Everlight USA, Inc.
Killos Paul J.
Parsa J.
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