Chemiluminescent solution

Details Chemiluminescent solution Chemiluminescent solution

1997-09-30

1998-10-20

Tucker, Philip

Compositions

Chemiluminescent

362 34, C09K 300

Patent

active

058242422

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is the national phase of international application PCT/BE96/00034, filed Mar. 26, 1996 which designated the U.S.
The present invention is directed to a particular improvement to solutions and methods employed for obtaining light based on well-known phenomena derived from the peroxyoxalate-based chemiluminescence.
The chemiluminescence resulting from the reaction between a peroxalate and hydrogen peroxide with a fluorescent dye constitute a classical technique which has been extensively developed. Generally the oxalate is trichloropentoxyphenyl oxalate in an organic solvent. A catalyst is provided in the hydrogen peroxide solution which will be mixed with the oxalate-dye system when the chemiluminescent reaction must start.
The fluorescent dyes which have been mostly employed up to now are phenylethynylanthracene (and its chlorinated derivatives) which produce a green or yellow-green chemiluminescence, diphenylanthracene and its chlorinated derivatives, which provide a blue or indigo chemiluminescence, and some derivatives of perylene which provide red or pink chemiluminescence.
The use of rubrene (tetraphenylnaphtacene) as a dye has been mentioned from the start of the above cited developments. There has been reported in that time that rubrene will provide a particularly strong orange chemiluminescence with an emission intensity, in terms of lumens per liter -all other parameters being equal -, of the order of twice the one obtained with the 1-chloro phenylethynylanthracene fluorescent dye which is itself the most performing of those cited above.
Unfortunately, rubrene dye exhibits a lack of stability and a rapid degradation is observed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which must be added to trigger the chemiluminescent reaction.
Under classical conditions, after at most 30 to 40 minutes, the color of the emitted light turns from orange to yellow, then to pale yellow and becomes colorless. These transitions are each time coupled with a lowering of the intensity of the light emission and are followed by an irreversible extinction.
The other dyes cited above which are generally employed in the prior art, stay stable during numerous hours and, generally, beyond the limit of consumption of the peroxyoxalate itself.
In the prior art, the lack of stability of rubrene has been repeatedly mentioned and deplored, the more so since rubrene constitute by far the most luminous fluorescent dye among those known in the chemiluminescence art. To the knowledge of the applicants, no rubrene-containing product is commercially available, except perhaps for minor applications where a light of a few minute duration would be satisfactory.
Furthermore U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,820 discloses and claims the fact that adding a polymer, for example polyoxyethylene, may generally increase the light capacity of a fluorescent dye (number of lumens.hours per liter). The cited dyes are more particularly bis phenylethenyl anthracene (the only one where experimental results are provided), perylene and rubrene. The examples illustrate the increased light capacity via an increase of the light intensity.
It is not mentioned or suggested therein that rubrene exhibits a favorable and surprising behavior in regard of the repeatedly cited disadvantages mentioned in the prior art in connection with its stability during the chemiluminescent reaction.
It is important to note that any effect of the additive on the dye stabilization - or if preferred on the non-disappearance of the dye - during the duration of the reaction is left undisclosed in these publications and in the above U.S. patent. Only an improvement of the light emission capacity is mentioned.
Now the major inconvenience attached to rubrene solutions is, as already noted above, the fact that the dye is degraded within half an hour of reaction time. For rubrene solutions, an improvement of the light capacity has therefore no more sense after this first half an hour, that is to say for most commercial applications. The examples provided in the above patent are concerned wit

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