Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Organic additive for dye composition – dye composition... – Polymeric additive
Patent
1995-01-10
1996-05-14
Einsmann, Margaret
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Organic additive for dye composition, dye composition...
Polymeric additive
8625, 8626, 8602, 8589, 81283, 8908, 8912, 8917, 428270, 428 88, 428 91, 428 96, 428 97, 106 2, 427389, 4273934, 4274301, 4274342, D06P 1673, D06P 314, D06P 508, D06M 1700
Patent
active
055163378
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a chemical system for providing fibrous materials with stain resistance to common household stains, particularly acid colorants. Although the system is useful for the treatment of synthetic materials such as nylon, its principal application is in respect of keratinous materials of which wool is of first importance.
BACKGROUND
Keratinous articles such as wool carpets are susceptible to staining by natural and artificial colorants including acid colorants commonly found in many foods and beverages. A need has long been felt for processes for economically providing such keratinous articles with resistance to staining. Particularly desirable are processes by which durable stain resistance can be imparted to keratinous articles during conventional processing and treating operations.
The object of this invention is to provide a system for the protective treatment of fibrous materials, particularly wool carpets, such system being reasonably durable through wearing (dryfastness) and wet cleaning (wetfastness).
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The present invention provides a chemical system for imparting to fibrous, particularly keratinous materials, such as wool fibers used in carpets, stain resistance to common household stains particularly acid colorants. The method involves first treating the fibrous material with a mordant. After mordant treatment, the fiber is subjected to a bath which includes a surfactant, stain resist chemical, a fluorochemical and, if required, an acid to lower the bath pH. A tip sealing process to enhance the carpet surface protection may also be utilized as a final treatment, if desired.
The method of this invention can be applied to undyed fibers or to already dyed fibers. Where it is desired to provide a dyed fibrous product with stain resistance in accordance with the method of this invention, the product may be pre-dyed or the mordant may be incorporated in the bath in which the fiber is dyed. Further, the process of this invention, when incident to the dyeing of fabric, is useful with nonmordant dyes as well as with mordant dyes. The process of this invention is useful with finished fabrics as well as with unfinished fabrics.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Broadly, the process of manufacturing woolen carpets involves the following steps:
1. Wool is cropped from the sheep and is processed in a scouring bath where the wool is cleaned and bleached, the end product being known as wool stock fiber.
2. The stock fiber is blended.
3. The blended stock fiber is carded.
4. The carded wool stock fiber is spun.
5. The spun wool stock fiber is twisted.
6. The twisted wool stock fiber is formed into a hank.
7. The hank is formed into a cone.
8. Tufting is effected.
9. A backing is provided to the tufted wool, thus forming a woolen carpet.
Where wool is fiber treated the process of this invention may be applied to the fiber at any appropriate stage, e.g., to the original wool stock fiber before it is blended, to the hank of wool before it is coned, or to the tufted wool in which case a continuous dyeing and stain resistant applying process is required.
When the process of this invention is applied either to the stock fiber before blending or to the hank of wool before it is coned, and where a dyed end product is required the process involves the addition to the normal dye bath (which comprises dye and optionally any other suitable auxiliary agents such as mothproofing agents, leveling agents, applied to ensure even distribution of the dye through the fiber, and the like) of a mordant, which is preferably a trivalent mordant such as aluminum sulfate Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 or aluminum hydroxide Al(OH).sub.3 or a tetravalent mordant such as zirconium sulfate Zr(SO.sub.4).sub.2 or zirconium hydroxide Zr(OH).sub.4. The mordant is included in the dye bath in an amount effective to impart to the fiber greater stain resistance than would be obtained in the absence of the mordant, preferably in a ratio of from 0.5 to 2% by weight relative to the weight of fiber in the
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Einsmann Margaret
Griswold Gary L.
Kirn Walter N.
Little Douglas B.
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
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