Refrigeration – Refrigeration producer – Sorbent type
Patent
1995-10-06
1997-09-02
Doerrler, William
Refrigeration
Refrigeration producer
Sorbent type
16510412, F25B 1708
Patent
active
056619863
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
and reagent cartridge therefor"
The present invention relates to a chemical reactor for a refrigerating machine or similar.
The present invention also relates to a refrigerating machine provided therewith.
The present invention also relates to a container provided with such a refrigerating machine.
The invention also relates to a reagent cartridge.
The principle of refrigerating machines functioning by chemical reaction is known.
Starting from a reserve of refrigerating fluid in the liquid state under pressure, the fluid passes through a pressure reduction device and then an evaporator placed in the enclosure to be cooled. On leaving the evaporator, the gas is taken in by the reactor which contains a reagent which, at ambient temperature, is chemically eager for this gas. The reagent combines chemically with the gas whilst producing a certain amount of heat.
When the reserve of liquid under pressure is exhausted, the process stops and it is then necessary to initiate a regeneration process consisting of supplying heat to the chemical reactor so that the reagent chemically separates from the refrigerating gas and delivers this gas under high pressure. On leaving the reactor, the gas passes through a condenser and is then collected in the liquid state in the reserve. When the regeneration process is complete, the reserve is at its maximum level and a new refrigeration process can be initiated.
This principle which is known at present raises serious implementation problems.
In service, the reagent is subjected to high stresses, particularly those of temperature and pressure, and it must furthermore be capable of absorbing refrigerating fluid chemically and of separating from it chemically at a speed corresponding to the refrigerating fluid flow rates in the machine.
From U.S. Pat. No. 2,649,700 there is known a chemical reactor for a refrigerating machine or similar comprising several elementary blocks of reagent intended to absorb, by chemical combination, a gaseous flow coming from an evaporator and of desorbing this flow by reverse chemical reaction under the effect of a rise in temperature. The blocks, of generally annular shape, are confined between an internal wall and a peripheral wall. Furthermore, porous screens separate the elementary blocks from one another. They distribute the gaseous flow between the upper and lower surfaces of the elementary blocks and an inlet and outlet duct. A channel parallel to the axis passes through the elementary blocks and the screens and serves as a collector for the flows coming from the screens or going to them.
According to this document, the elementary blocks are made of sintered metal and are therefore dimensionally stable, particularly with respect to the above-mentioned stresses of temperature and pressure. The purpose of the walls is simply to position the blocks.
Such an absorbent material has many disadvantages: the quantity of gas which it is capable of absorbing per unit volume is relatively limited and it retains the absorbent particles badly. It is this which makes it necessary to pass the gaseous flow through screens which serve as a kind of filter but which slow down the flow and which also, in the long term, risk becoming loaded with particles trying to escape the elementary blocks. Furthermore, the necessity of providing such screens further increases the already large volume which is necessary due to the relatively poor absorption performance of the blocks themselves. Finally, as these blocks are made of metal, preferably of stainless steel, the weight of the assembly is high.
From U.S. Pat. No. 2,384,460 there is also known a reactor in which the reagent is a powder liable to swell when it absorbs the refrigerating gas. This powder is housed in a cylindrical body and is confined in a specified volume. For the transfers of mass between the absorbent material and the gas duct, the space reserved for the material is traversed by perforated tubes filled with glass wool in order to prevent the particles from escaping with the gaseous flow. T
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Doerrler William
Sofrigam
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