Charging member, charging device, image forming apparatus,...

Electrophotography – Image formation – Charging

Reexamination Certificate

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Details

C399S111000, C399S115000

Reexamination Certificate

active

08000633

ABSTRACT:
The present invention provides a charging member, a charging device, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge that minimize local unevenness in potential of a charged object resulting from soiling of the charging member with soiling microparticles or soiling aggregates, that do not cause image failure such as unevenness in image density and scumming, and that output good images through the life of the charging member. The charging member charges a surface of the object by receiving a voltage while being in contact with the object, and satisfies the condition that Rzjis≦30 and Rsk≦0, where Rzjis represents the ten-point average roughness of a surface of the charging member in contact with the object and Rsk represents the skewness of a roughness curve.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4851960 (1989-07-01), Nakamura
patent: 7171141 (2007-01-01), Abe et al.
patent: 2008/0075505 (2008-03-01), Nagamori et al.
patent: 2008/0124131 (2008-05-01), Higaki
patent: 3-101768 (1991-04-01), None
patent: 10-213945 (1998-08-01), None
patent: 2007-298820 (2007-11-01), None
patent: 2008-122781 (2008-05-01), None

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