Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Analyzer – structured indicator – or manipulative laboratory... – Means for analyzing liquid or solid sample
Patent
1996-09-06
1999-01-05
Pyon, Harold Y.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Analyzer, structured indicator, or manipulative laboratory...
Means for analyzing liquid or solid sample
422 64, 422100, 422101, 422102, 436 45, 436177, 436180, 210515, 210518, G01N 930, B01L 300
Patent
active
058558489
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This applicantion is a 371 of PCT/EP95/00785 filed Mar. 3, 1995.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a centrifuge apparatus for carrying out immunological and immunohaematological analysis and tests on centrifuge.
BACKGROUND ART
As is known, these tests can be carried out according to a number of methods which include the use of specific reagents that once in contact with a biological liquid indicate the presence of sought element or elements in it.
Depending upon the type of research and reagent used, the operator will follow methods which differ in length, handling, quantity of reagent to be used and biological liquid to be put in reaction.
For instance, one of the methods most commonly used to determine the blood group of a person includes causing a reaction between blood of that person and an inert substance comprising microgranules of a synthetic material having various diameters hereinafter called "gel" for convenience, and a specific antiserum for the sought antigen.
More particularly, the method used in this case is the following: carried out has been homogeneously added in advance, is placed inside a glass or plastic test tube, added in the same test tube, mix with the solution previously placed in the test tube, and centrifugated, they form agglutinates, whereas the gel prevents them from sedimenting at the bottom of the test tube, globules react with the antiserum, no formation of a well defined "button" will occur at the bottom of the test tube, and dispersion of the agglutinates in the solution of the gel located on top will take place.
Another method used is that concerning the "Coombs test" and crossed tests.
In that case, the followed method comprises the following steps: which Coombs serum was homogeneously added in advance, including all the known antigens in their structure, is added to the same test-tube, ranging from 10 to 15 minutes, centrifugated at a predetermined speed.
If during incubation and centrifugation steps a reaction has taken place, the result will be agglutination between "haemacies", serum to be tested and Coombs serum.
Also in this case, the gel prevents the agglutinates from forming a well defined "button" in the test tube.
Devices ready for use are available on the market which comprises a series of test tubes (usually six or eight in number that are placed one next to the other and connected to each other by a single plastic support), in which gel (i.e. a support substance for the reaction) suitably mixed with the reagent (such as antiserum, Coombs serum, or another serum) was previously added.
These devices have the definite advantage of offering the operator a device ready for use for carrying out tests, i.e. the test tube does not require to be filled with gel and reagent by the operator, since it is already loaded with such components.
There are, however, numerous disadvantages among which the pre-configuration of the tests. As a matter of fact, the manufacturers of these devices ready for use must necessarily foresee two things: a mininum number of already loaded test tubes to be included in the same device or system--hereinafter called "index card" for convenience--and a given configuration of tests to be carried out on the index card.
A frequent inconvenience of this state of affairs is to be faced when the operator has to carry out only three blood tests, but is going to use an index card which has six or eight test tubes ready for use, and thus he is not going to use more than half of the test tubes available, while the rest are to be disposed unused.
If one takes into account the great number of blood tests (anti-A, anti-B, anti-E, etc.) which are carried out, one will realize that substantial waste occurs, this being especially true in those centers where only relatively few blood tests are carried out.
An alternative solution would be that the operator should wait to carry out blood tests until he has gathered a number of tests at least approximately equal to that or a multiple of the available test tubes in an index card.
Another disa
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Pyon Harold Y.
Sanitaria Scaligera S.P.A.
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