Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Animal cell – per se ; composition thereof; process of... – Solid support and method of culturing cells on said solid...
Patent
1998-01-06
1999-11-30
Davenport, Avis M.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Animal cell, per se ; composition thereof; process of...
Solid support and method of culturing cells on said solid...
526 72, C12N 500, C12N 502
Patent
active
059941332
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to biocompatible polymers and products formed therefrom, in particular to cell growth materials and implants formed therefrom. There is extensive teaching in the literature about the interaction of tissue cells with the surfaces of synthetic polymer materials that are intended for use in implants. Much of this teaching arises from research that has aimed to design polymer surfaces that would support the very tight and effective attachment of tissue cells to the polymeric surface. Such polymer surfaces are intended for certain demanding implant applications, such as the tissue-contacting surfaces of percutaneous access devices. Another such application would be for use as the lumenal surface of small diameter vascular grafts, where it is intended that endothelial cells would cover the polymer surface. In these applications, tight binding of the cells to the surface of the synthetic polymer is required for the implant to be effective.
In these previous studies, it has been demonstrated that tissue cells such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts do not adhere effectively to the surface of hydrophobic polymers (for example, polymer surfaces with a sessile air-water contact angle of approximately 90 degrees or higher). There is extensive prior teaching that for effective initial attachment of tissue cells to occur, the surface of a hydrophobic polymer needs to be chemically modified to be somewhat wettable (for example, having a sessile air-water contact angle in the range of 80 to 40 degrees).The biochemical mechanism of the initial attachment of tissue cells to such "wettable" polymers has also been the subject of study, and cell attachment has been shown to be dependent upon the adsorption onto the polymer surface of glycoproteins that contain cell-attachment sites. Such glycoproteins include fibronectin, which is found in serum and the extracellular matrix of tissue, and vitronectin, which is found in serum. The prior art therefore teaches that for the effective attachment of tissue cells to a synthetic polymer surface, that polymer would have a surface chemistry that is "wettable" and would effectively adsorb certain glycoproteins to which the tissue cells may bind. In other implant applications such as implants to be placed into connective tissue, where the cell density is low and tight binding of cells may not be required for the implant to be effective, hydrophobic polymers may be acceptable. For certain implants, such as intraocular lenses, or replacement bladders, cell attachment is clearly disadvantageous.
It has generally been thought that the adhesion of cells to synthetic hydrophobic polymeric substrates requires the surface chemistry or topography of the synthetic polymer to be specifically modified to facilitate the adhesion and growth of cells. Glow discharge, plasma polymerization and radiation grafting are a few of the techniques known in the art for such polymer modification. It has also been described that cell attachment to surfaces of synthetic hydrophobic polymers can alternatively be stimulated by the absorption or covalent attachment onto the polymer surface of one or more cell adhesive molecules or fragments thereof, such as fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, or the like.
Until now the practice in the implantation of artificial corneas for replacement of corneal tissue (that is, stromal tissue) has involved the surgical technique of making an incision above the cornea then cutting a deep pocket behind the epithelial layer to remove the damaged cornea; the replacement cornea was slid into this pocket and the incision closed by suturing. In this case cell growth on the implant was not required, nor necessarily desirable. A recently proposed procedure for the correction of refractive errors is the implantation of a lens within the corneal epithelium. The implantation of such an intraepithelial lens would typically be conducted by removing the corneal epithelial cell layers of the cornea by scraping, then placing the synthetic lens directly onto and in intimate cont
REFERENCES:
patent: 4440918 (1984-04-01), Rice et al.
patent: 4818801 (1989-04-01), Rice et al.
Cheong Edith
Griffiths Madeleine Clare
Johnson Graham
Laycock Bronwyn Glenice
Meijs Gordon Francis
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Davenport Avis M.
Lee Michael U.
Novartis AG
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