Static molds – In situ construction engineering type or building type-mold... – Forming building structure
Reexamination Certificate
1995-04-13
2001-01-23
Mackey, James P. (Department: 1722)
Static molds
In situ construction engineering type or building type-mold...
Forming building structure
C249S05300R, C249S210000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06176463
ABSTRACT:
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method of formworking ceilings system in which a number of supports are erected at a distance from each other, wherein respectively a partial number thereof are to be arranged in alignment with one another and on which respectively longitudinal carriers are on these again transverse carriers are placed so that the transverse carries lie respectively on at least two longitudinal carriers and, finally, formwork panels are placed on the transverse carriers. Additionally, the invention relates to a ceiling formwork system with a plurality of supports, longitudinal and transverse carriers and formwork panels.
A process of the type mentioned above is long known for making ceilings of concrete. In this, supports are placed in locations previously determined on the basis of calculation tables. Subsequently, longitudinal carriers are placed on these, so that these lie substantially parallel to each other, and the spacings of these are also read from calculation tables. Furthermore, transverse carriers arranged parallel to each other are placed on these longitudinal carriers essentially perpendicular thereto and at spacings again determined from calculation tables. Finally, formwork panels are laid in such a manner on the transverse carriers that their longer sides come to lie perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the transverse carriers.
However, the problem exists in this known process that the location at which to place the supports and the spacings with respect to each other of longitudinal carriers and the transverse carriers must be determined by means of the relatively complicated calculation tables with reference to the ceiling formwork elements used. Here, ceiling formwork elements mean the supports, the longitudinal and transverse carriers and the formwork panels.
As the necessary duty of care is often not observed on construction sites when reading the calculation tables, or the workers do not have the necessary qualifications for this, there exists the danger that the maximum spacings to be observed are possibly exceeded, which can result in insufficient support when concreting the ceiling with the possible danger of collapse. Additionally, on the construction site, the type of support, transverse and longitudinal carriers and formwork panels must be taken into account in accordance with the calculation tables, which leads to a number of calculation tables and a further complication in determining or deciding on the spacings between the individual elements.
The technical problem forming the basis of the invention is to provide a method for formworking ceilings in which, depending on the ceiling thickness to be concreted—up to a maximum ceiling thickness—an exceeding of the maximum spacings of the individual elements with respect to each other is avoided or even eliminated. Additionally, a technical problem forming the basis of the invention lies in providing a suitable ceiling formwork system for carrying out the method.
The technical problem forming the basis of invention is solved in that the supports and the longitudinal and transverse carriers are located in such a manner that the respective spacings of the transverse carriers and of the longitudinal carriers as well as of the supports for all ceiling thicknesses to be concreted up to a predetermined ceiling thickness are complied with by means of optically acting and/or mechanically mounted, fixed location aids on the longitudinal and the transverse carriers and/or the supports and/or the formwork panels.
Additionally, a ceiling formwork system for carrying out the method is provided comprising supports, formwork panels and transverse and longitudinal carriers having at least on the lower side in the built-in position thereof optically and/or mechanically effective location aids arranged in parallel with the same spacing between each other.
The invention is based on the concept of simplifying the formworking of ceilings in such a manner that complicated calculation tables are no longer necessary for determining the spacings of the individual elements with respect to each other. In accordance with the invention, for the first time, the location of the individual elements can be standardized independently of the ceiling thickness to be concreted—naturally up to a maximum ceiling thickness which is fixed by the maximum supporting strength of the elements—in that the spacings to be complied with are clearly predetermined by the optically and/or mechanically effective, securely applied location aids on the longitudinal and transverse carriers and/or the formwork panels. In this manner, when erecting the ceiling formwork, an exceeding of the maximum spacings which may result in a latent risk of collapse in greatly reduced or prevented. Additionally, it is possible for the first time with the ceiling formwork system according to the invention to control the preset distances in the erected state without any difficulties. This is the case because an incorrectly positioned element can be immediately recognized without further auxiliary means on account of the location aids. On the contrary, in the state of the art, the individual spacings had to be checked on a test basis with a metric measure which in turn results in a certain insecurity. This can now be replaced by a simple control observation, which itself results in a large gain in time and greater security.
The safety of the ceiling formwork is greatly increased on account of the inventive method or the inventive ceiling formwork system. Additionally, it is a big advantage of the method according to the invention that the assembly is linked with a considerable saving of time. In the inventive method, when a very low ceiling thickness is to be concreted, the maximum possible spacing between the individual elements is not reached and more material is therefore used than is absolutely necessary, but this additional input of material and the costs thereof does not bear any relation to the time gained in erecting the ceiling formwork. This is the case because the additional costs resulting from the higher material input are less by a multiple factor than the cost savings made on account of the shorter expenditure of time. It has been proven on the basis of several practically evaluated ceiling formworks that the material input increased on average by merely 5% for ceiling thicknesses of up to approximately 30 cm.
Thus, as a result of the inventive method or ceiling formwork system, a considerable gain is made in simplicity, expediency and safety in comparison to the known method.
Advantageously, the respective spacings of the transverse and longitudinal carriers as well as of the supports are determined in accordance with the maximum ceiling thickness to be concreted which is calculated in consideration of the geometry and material data of the formwork panels, the transverse and longitudinal carriers and the supports. In this manner, the maximum carrying capacity of the individual formwork system elements is made possible up to a maximum ceiling thickness.
It is particularly advantageous that the location of the formwork elements ensures by means of location aids respectively applied at least on the lower side of the transverse and longitudinal carriers and/or the formwork panels in the built-in position, on account of which the required spacings are already clearly predetermined for a worker.
Colored markings arranged in parallel on the formwork elements can be applied in a very easy and cost-effective manner. Additionally, such markings or location aids do not weaken the individual elements of the system.
On account of the inventive alternatively colored markings, the erection of the formwork elements and their positioning with respect to one another is very advantageously simplified, as erroneous spacings are excluded with the highest probability on account of the clear markings for positioning the elements. Thus, for example, the markings can be the same at interval of 1 m. For example, this means that a locati
Doka Industrie GmbH
Mackey James P.
Samuels Gauthier & Stevens
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