Surgery – Instruments – Blood vessel – duct or teat cutter – scrapper or abrader
Patent
1991-04-08
1993-05-18
Thaler, Michael H.
Surgery
Instruments
Blood vessel, duct or teat cutter, scrapper or abrader
606170, A61B 1732
Patent
active
052116514
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to surgical apparatus and procedures, and particularly to a device for excising portions of the atherosclerotic plaque material causing stenosis in an artery.
BACKGROUND ART
Atherosclerosis (Greek for soft and hard deposits) is a condition which progressively affects many arteries of the body with advancing age. It ultimately produces thickening of the medial layer of the arterial wall, which may involve some or all of the circumference of the blood vessel. Eventually, narrowed internal diameter, or stenosis, of the artery results and restricts the flow of blood to the tissue beyond the stenosis, producing symptoms including angina or myocardial infarction in the heart, claudication or gangrene in the legs, etc., high blood pressure, or deterioration of kidney function.
The art and science involved in modern vascular surgery are comparatively young and began with the successful end-to-end repair of severed arteries in Korean war casualties. Atherosclerotic narrowing of arteries then could only be corrected by complete endarterectomy, which required a longitudinal incision through the entire narrowed segment of an artery. Exposure of an artery for this purpose was difficult, and the wounds resulting from the surgery were large. Although results were often gratifying, the practice was not widespread because of resulting problems such as pseudoaneurysms developing in endarterized segments and the potential for vessel wall dissection at the distal endpoint, and because of the difficulty posed both for the patient and for the surgeon. During the 1950's a variety of synthetic tubular grafts were introduced and perfected for partial arterial replacement and bypasses around stenoses. Because of the relative ease of such procedures by comparison with endarterectomy, bypass grafting soon became the dominant means of correcting arterial narrowing within the pelvis and thigh. Advances in surgical technique in the late 1960's made possible the use of the patient's own reversed saphenous vein to bypass occluded arteries in the heart and below the knee.
As the population of the United States has aged as a group, the manifestations of atherosclerosis have, as a group, become this nation's number one health problem in terms of both suffering and cost. While surgical bypass procedures using saphenous vein or prosthetic conduit remain the procedure of choice in most instances, newer technologies have evolved in the last decade to simplify the treatment of atherosclerotic stenoses in an attempt to reduce patient risk, reduce cost, and to make treatment available to more people. In carefully selected cases involving narrowing of short segments of the coronary, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries balloon dilation has been employed with some success. Generally, however, the duration of arterial patency resulting from such procedures is less than for bypass graft procedures. Utilization of lasers to open narrowed arteries has not yet proven to be clinically successful and is very expensive in all aspects.
In recent years a variety of atherectomy devices have been used experimentally in attempts to extend patency. Some of these devices include rotary cutting mechanisms, which restrict their use to stenoses of short length. Some are driven by high-speed electric motors which add to their complexity and increase the likelihood of breakdown while also reducing the amount of responsiveness and taking the ability to control the operation out of the surgeon's hands.
Manually-operated devices for relieving arterial stenoses are disclosed, for example, in Lary U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,128, which discloses a device having a plurality of curved knife blades whose edges are directed radially outward, and Fischell et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,765,332, which discloses a catheter including a proximally-exposed annular cutting edge which is no greater in diameter than an outer sleeve of the catheter to which it is attached. Luther U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,466, discloses a catheter which includes an expansible wov
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Kelly Thomas L.
Reger Vincent A.
EVI Corporation
Foster Lynn G.
Thaler Michael H.
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