Catalytic system for the hydroformylation of olefins process of

Details Catalytic system for the hydroformylation of olefins process of Catalytic system for the hydroformylation of olefins process of

1984-12-24

1986-07-08

Garvin, Patrick P.

Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process

Catalyst or precursor therefor

Organic compound containing

568454, B01J 3120

Patent

active

045993238

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a catalytic system for the hydroformylation of olefins, still called the OXO reaction. It also relates to a catalytic system for this hydroformylation process. Processes for the hydroformylation of an olefin to produce aldehydes or alcohols having one carbon atom more than the starting olefin consists of reacting this olefin with a synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst complex containing a transition metal. Among such metals, there are particularly employed metals of Group VIII of the periodic classification, that is to say iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum.
These metals can be employed in the form of metal carbonyls, but it is known that these complex combinations contain, in addition to the metal and carbon oxide, at least one biphilic ligand such as a phosphine, leading to more linear products and permitting the process to be operated under low synthesis gas pressures. Such combinations are, for example, described in French Pat. No. 1,300,404 or in U.S. Pat. No. 3,239,566.
These metals can be utilized alone, but certain patents describe the utilization of combinations thereof. Thus, in French Pat. No. 2,395,246, metal couples associated with phosphines are employed for the hydroformylation of internal olefins. In French Pat. No. 2,459,683, the rhodium-cobalt couple associated with triphenylphosphine yields advantages which relate to the aging of the catalyst for the hydroformylation of propylene.
According to the invention, the catalyst system comprising: generally obtainable with known catalysts.
This is all the more surprising since conjugated dienes are known to be inhibitors, even catalyst poisons in the oxosynthesis: J. Falbe, "New Synthesis with Carbon Monoxide", Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980. Similar comments can be drawn from French Pat. No. 2,361,324.
By conjugated dienes are meant molecules having the molecular structure ##STR1## These structures can be incorporated in aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic molecules. Also included in this invention are compounds of which the molecules are generated in situ during the course of a hydroformylation reaction to yield a structure such as those which are described above; for example, it is the case with diketones or quinones that tautomeric or chemical equilibrium generate conjugated dienes. Employed either alone or in a mixture, the diene can be introduced in the form of a complex combination with one or two metals, coming within a scope of the invention, as for example in the form of cobalt dicarboxyl cyclopentadienyl or cobalt acetyl acetonate. In this case, the ratio of cobalt to diene is fixed; to obtain a different ratio, it will be necessary eventually to add supplemental diene which, moreover, can be different than the combined diene.
For purposes of illustration, the following are some non-limitative examples of conjugated dienes or metal-diene combination: ##STR2##
The rhodium compound is a complex of rhodium, carbon oxide and a triorganophosphorous ligand. The employment of such combination, taken alone, as an OXO catalyst is known. In general, more satisfactory results are obtained when the triphosphorous ligand is selected from arylphosphines or arylphosphites. An example of such a combination, when the ligand is triphenylphosphine, is rhodium (I) hydrogenocarbonyl tris (triphenylphosphine) of the formula H Rh CO (P.phi..sub.3).sub.3.
Cobalt can be efficiently introduced into the reaction medium in a great variety of forms. For the most part, compounds containing cobalt can be utilized. For example, cobalt can be introduced in the form a carbonyl such as Co.sub.2 (CO).sub.8 or H Co (CO).sub.4 ; one can likewise employ cobalt in the form of a mineral salt or an organic salt such as cobalt acetate, cobalt acetylacetonate, cobalt benzoate, or cobalt naphthenate. Obviously, the cobalt compound employed should not carry any group capable of being a poison for the OXO reaction itself; it is known that chloride or sulphide irons are catalyst poiso

REFERENCES:
patent: 3661949 (1972-05-01), Fenton
patent: 3876672 (1975-04-01), Mrowca
patent: 4306086 (1981-12-01), Demay
patent: 4522932 (1985-06-01), Mitchell

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