Catalytic composition suitable for the fischer-tropsch process

Details Catalytic composition suitable for the fischer-tropsch process Catalytic composition suitable for the fischer-tropsch process

1999-03-23

2000-06-13

Richter, Johann

Chemistry: fischer-tropsch processes; or purification or recover

Group viii metal containing catalyst utilized for the...

518700, 502353, 502354, 502246, 502260, 502326, C07C 2700, B01J 2316, B01J 2320, B01J 2114, B01J 2340

Patent

active

060750626

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a catalytic composition suitable for the preparation reaction of hydrocarbons by means of the so-called Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; it also relates to the catalytic process for the preparation of hydrocarbons for which it is used.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a new catalytic composition for the production of hydrocarbons by means of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis containing Cobalt and promoted by Tantalum, this composition being obtained by reacting derivatives of the above elements in the presence of a suitable carrier, as specified in more detail hereunder.
The selection of cobalt as main constituent of the active phase is due to the fact that this favours the formation of saturated linear hydrocarbons with a high molecular weight minimizing the formation of oxygenated and olefinic compounds, contrary to the well-known catalytic systems based on iron.
The known art cites numerous examples of catalysts based on cobalt used for the synthesis of paraffinic products with various distributions.
Since the first works of Fischer in 1932 (H. H Storch, N. Golumbic, R. B. Anderson, "The Fischer Tropsch and Related Synthesis", John Wiley & son, Inc., New York, 1951)--which described the development of a Co/ThO.sub.2 /MgO system supported on kieselguhr--until today, the patented systems based on cobalt are essentially the following: Co/Mg/ThO.sub.2 supported on kieselguhr (1954, Reinpruessen A. G.), Co/MgO supported on bentonite (1958, M. W. Kellog), Co/Th/Mg (1959, Rurchemie), Co/Th supported on silica-gel (1960, Esso Res.& Eng.), Co/Mg/Zr/Kieselguhr (1968, SU-A-660.324, Zelinskii INST.), Co/Ru/Keiselguhr (1976, U.S. Pat. No. 4,088,671 GULF), Co/Zr/SiO.sub.2 (1980, GB-A-2.073.237, Shell), Co/Ru supported on titanium (1988, U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,948 Exxon), Co/Re/REO,K supported on alumina (1988, EP-A-313.375, Statoil), Co/Mo,W/K,Na/SiO.sub.2 (1991, GB-A-2.258.414, IFP), Co/Ru/Cu/K,Sr/SiO.sub.2 (1993, EP-A-581.619, IFP).
The effect of promoters on the system based on cobalt, from what is described in literature, is multiple; however it can be subdivided into various groups in relation to the function of the promoter (B. Jager, R. Espinoza in Catalysis Today 23, 1995, 21-22).
For example, promoters such as K, Na, Mg, Sr, Cu, Mo, W and metals of group VIII essentially increase the activity. Ru, Zr, rare-earth oxides (REO), Ti increase the selectivity to hydrocarbons with a high molecular weight. Ru, REO, Re, Hf, Ce, U, Th favour the regenerability of the catalyst.
Among the various promoters, ruthenium, alone or together with other elements, is certainly the most widely used.
The recent evolution of catalytic systems for the synthesis of hydrocarbons has led to the identification of various promoters to be coupled with cobalt in order to increase both the activity of these systems in terms of conversion of the reagents and also the selectivity to linear hydrocarbons with a high molecular weight. This evolution has taken place mainly in the last twenty years. The increase in price of crude oil in the 70s' provided the incentive for exploring other ways of producing liquid fuels and chemicals, among which the possibility of transforming synthesis gases into hydrocarbon products with a high molecular weight by means of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
As far as the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is concerned, this can refer to the hydrogenation process of carbon monoxide to produce higher hydrocarbons and oxygenated molecules with a prevalently linear chain. The reaction takes place in the presence of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with or without carbon dioxide (so-called synthesis gas) at temperatures lower than 350.degree. C. and at pressures of between 1 and 100 atm.
The wide range of catalysts and their modifications described in the known art and the wide range of operating conditions for the reduction reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen allows a considerable flexibility in the selectivity of the products, ranging from methane to heavy waxes with alcohol

REFERENCES:
patent: 4088671 (1978-05-01), Kobylinski et al.
patent: 4206135 (1980-06-01), Kugler et al.
patent: 4328158 (1982-05-01), Innes et al.
patent: 4738948 (1988-04-01), Iglesia et al.
patent: 5397806 (1995-03-01), Soled et al.
patent: 5559065 (1996-09-01), Lauth et al.

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