Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Patent
1997-01-07
1997-12-16
Ivy, C. Warren
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C07D21384
Patent
active
056987013
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP95/01945 which is now published as WO95/32055 on Nov. 30, 1995.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to catalytic compositions, their use in the oxidative ammonolysis of alkylpyridines and to a process for the production of cyanopyridines.
Preferably the catalytic compositions are used for the oxidative ammonolysis of 3-methylpyridine and 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine to the corresponding 3-cyanopyridine.
3-Cyanopyridine is an intermediate for nicotinic acid or nicotinic acid amide which are essential vitamins of the B-complex.
2. Background Art
The oxidative ammonolysis of alkylpyridines is well known in the art. A great variety of catalyst systems have been disclosed but so far no process is known which can adequately satisfy the needs of a commercial process on a technical scale.
Reference is made to the USSR inventors certificate No. 891 142, wherein a catalyst for the ammonolysis of alkylpyridines consisting of the oxides of vanadium, tin and titanium is described. The maximum yield achieved for the conversion of for (e.g.) instance 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine is 63%. The main drawback of this catalytic composition therefore is its low activity and selectivity.
From Swiss patent 595 350, it is further known that 2-methyl-5-ethyl pyridine can be converted to 3-cyanopyridine over a supported mixed oxide catalyst composed of oxides of vanadium, zirconium or titanium and optionally of tungsten. The yields obtained with this catalyst range between 60% and 75%. This catalyst is also not satisfactory due to its low selectivity and activity. A further drawback is the rather complicated procedure for producing this supported catalyst.
BROAD DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide catalytic compositions with further improved catalytic activity and performance and therefore to provide an improved process for oxidative ammonolysis of alkylpyridines especially with respect to selectivity and yield.
The catalytic composition of the present invention according to claim 1 comprises the oxides of vanadium, zirconium, titanium and molybdenum having a molar ratio of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 to TiO.sub.2 to ZrO.sub.2 from 1:1:2 to 1:12:25 and a MoO.sub.3 content of 0.54 to 2.6 weight percent relating to V.sub.2 O.sub.5.
A preferred catalytic composition has a molar ratio of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 to TiO.sub.2 to ZrO.sub.2 from 1:3:4 to 1:8:16 and a MoO.sub.3 content of 0.54 to 1.15 weight percent relating to V.sub.2 O.sub.5. In order to prepare the catalytic composition one can use the respective oxides itself but it is also possible to use precursor compounds which are later converted into the oxides. Such precursor compounds are for example: vanadiumoxide, the ammoniummetavanadate; zirconiumoxide, the zirconylchloride; titaniumoxide, the metatitaniumacid; and for the molybdenumoxide, the ammoniummolybdate.
The preparation of the catalytic composition can as a rule be accomplished by mixing the compounds in a suitable milling device, granulating or tabletting the mixture and finally drying the granules or tablets at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. in a stream of air. The catalyst undergoes wiht advantage a subsequent thermal treatment at temperatures up to 650.degree. C.
The ready prepared catalyst can then be charged into the reactor, wherein after an activation phase under reaction conditions, it is able to demonstrate its properties with respect both to high activity and selectivity at high loadings of the alkylpyridine and also with respect to long service life.
The catalytic composition of the present invention is especially suitable for the oxidative ammonolysis of alkylpyridines in presence of ammonia, an oxygen containing gas and if necessary water vapour. Preferred application of the catalytic composition is the conversion of 3-methylpyridine or 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine to 3-cyanopyridine. The following process conditions have been proved to be suitable.
Air is generally used as the oxygen-con
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Chuck Roderick J.
Guseinov Ernest M.
Ivanovskaya Faina A.
Sembaev Dauren C.
Aulakh Charanjit S.
Institute of Chemical Science of the National Academy of Science
Ivy C. Warren
Lonza Ltd.
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