Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Catalyst or precursor therefor – Plural component system comprising a - group i to iv metal...
Patent
1983-10-17
1985-08-06
Garvin, Patrick P.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Catalyst or precursor therefor
Plural component system comprising a - group i to iv metal...
502162, 502167, 502168, 585377, 585378, 585521, 585526, 556 19, 556 20, 556 23, 556 13, 556 21, 556140, 556 14, 556 10, 556 9, 556 40, B01J 3114, B01J 3122
Patent
active
045336512
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to novel homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for the oligomerization and isomerization of olefins and to oligomerization and isomerization processes utilizing such catalysts.
Catalytic dimerization/oligomerization is a useful method for the conversion of moderately cheap lower (e.g. C.sub.2 -C.sub.4) feed olefins into industrially important olefins of higher molecular weight. The use of organometallic complexes in catalysts for this purpose has been widely studied and reported in the literature. [See for example Lefebvre, G. and Chauvin, Y., "Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysts", Vol. 1, Ed. Renato Ugo, Chapt. 3, pp. 107-201, 1970; Jolly, P. W. and Wilke, G., "The Organic Chemistry of Nickel", Vol. II, Academic Press, 1975; and Bogdanovic, B., "Advances in Organomet. Chem.", Vol. 17, 105-140, 1979.]
One such catalyst system is the nickel allyl halide/phosphine/Lewis acid system, various aspects of which have been reviewed by Bogdanovic. (See above.)
Branched products from the dimerization and codimerization or propylene and butylene are suitable as gasoline blending components. Linear products from the dimerization and oligomerization of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 olefins are desirable for the production of C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 plasticizer and detergent range olefins.
The principle objects of the present invention are to provide new catalysts for the dimerization and oligomerization of olefins which give improved turnover numbers (i.e., number of converted substrate molecules per active site on the catalyst) and/or improved selectivity or specificity as to the type or variety of the dimer(s) or oligomer(s) produced from a particular olefin feedstock.
We have now found that such objects can be achieved by the use of catalyst systems which comprise a nickel (II) complex and a co-catalyst. The nickel (II) complex is a square planar species with a trivalent Group V donor ligand, preferably a phosphine or phosphite ligand, a halogen or pseudo-halogen ligand and a bidentate dithio ligand, especially a substituted dithio-.beta.-diketonate ligand.
Thus in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a catalyst system for the oligomerization and/or isomerization of olefins which comprises a nickel (II) complex and a co-catalyst (preferably an aluminium alkyl chloride), wherein the nickel (II) complex is a square planar species with a PG,4 trivalent Group V donor ligand, preferably a phosphine or phosphite ligand, a halogen or pseudo-halogen ligand and a bidentate dithio ligand, especially a substituted dithio-.beta.-diketonate ligand, usually the 2,4-pentanedithionate ligand (commonly abbreviated as "SacSac").
More specifically, the catalysts provided by and/or utilized in the present invention comprise nickel (II) complexes of the formula Ni(R"-RSacR'Sac)PL.sub.1 L.sub.2 L.sub.3.X (I) ##STR1## wherein R, R' and R" are the same or different groups and each is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl, amino, substituted amino, or trihalomethyl; alkoxy group, a phenyl group or a phenoxy group, each of which groups may be further substituted; and
The alkyl groups or the alkyl moieties of the alkoxy groups may be straight or branched chains.
Substituents on alkyl groups may comprise one or more halo, amino or nitro groups.
Substituents on phenyl groups may include one or more alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, amino or halo groups.
Substituents on amino groups may include one or two alkyl groups or an alkylene group which together with the nitrogen atom form 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic rings which may be further substituted with alkyl groups.
Typically R" is hydrogen and examples of the groups R and R' are methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, phenyl, trifluoromethyl, amino, pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, and 4-methylpiperidyl.
The compounds of formula (I) are novel, with the exception of the compound in which R=R'=Me; R"=H; L.sub.1 =L.sub.2 =L.sub.3 =Et and X=Cl [see Fackler and Masters, Inorg. Chem. Acta, 39, 111 (1980)].
The
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Cavell Kingsley J.
Masters Anthony F.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
Garvin Patrick P.
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