Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Halogen containing
Patent
1998-05-27
2000-10-03
Wu, David W.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Halogen containing
502226, 502228, 502181, C07C 1908, C07C 2118, B01T 27138, B01T 27132
Patent
active
061275859
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fluoride compositions and their preparation and use, and more particularly to ruthenium and selected metal fluoride catalysts, precursors for such catalysts, and preparation and use of such catalysts for processing halogenated hydrocarbons.
BACKGROUND
A variety of metal catalysts have been proposed for use in processes for dimerizing chlorine-containing fluorocarbons, for dehalogenating halogenated fluorocarbons, for hydrofluorinating halogenated hydrocarbons and for hydrodehalogenating halogenated fluorocarbons (see e.g., PCT Publication No. WO 95/05353 for dimerization examples and L. E. Manzer et al., Adv. Catal. (39) pp. 329-350 (1993) for examples of the other listed processes). The catalysts proposed include catalysts involving combinations of cations. Typically these materials are prepared by depositing a soluble salt of the metal on a support, e.g., silica, alumina and carbon. While this method does provide a combination catalyst, the support material and the material deposited thereon are not uniformly dispersed. Techniques such as coprecipitation which rely upon physical characteristics of individual components (e.g., solubility) also typically yield non-homogeneously dispersed products due to differences in physical and chemical properties of the components. There is an interest in developing means for more homogeneous dispersion of components of multiple cation catalysts which can be used for dimerizing, dehalogenating, hydrofluorinating and hydrodehalogenating halogenated hydrocarbons.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides processes for decreasing the chlorine to carbon ratio for halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in the presence of a multiphase catalyst. The processes are each characterized by (1) preparing a single phase solid catalyst precursor which has a structure that collapses at a temperature of about 400.degree. C. or less and has the formula (NH.sub.3).sub.6 Ru.sub.l-r-s Co.sub.r Cr.sub.s MF.sub.6, where r+s is in the range of 0.00 to 0.99, and M is at least one trivalent metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Fe, V, Sc and Ga; and (2) producing said multiphase catalyst by heating said single phase solid catalyst precursor to about 400.degree. C. or less in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to produce a multiphase composition wherein a phase containing ruthenium is homogeneously dispersed with a phase containing metal fluoride.
This invention further provides single phase fluoride compositions of the formula (NH.sub.3).sub.6 Ru.sub.1-r-s Co.sub.r Cr.sub.s MF.sub.6, where r+s is in the range of 0.00 to 0.99, and M is at least one trivalent element selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Fe, V, Sc and Ga. This invention also provides multiphase catalyst compositions consisting essentially of metallic ruthenium and fluorides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, V, Sc and Ga, wherein said ruthenium is homogeneously dispersed with phases of said fluorides.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The catalytic processes of this invention include processes for dimerizing, processes for dehalogenating, processes for hydrofluorinating and processes for hydrodehalogenating chlorinated fluorocarbons (i.e., compounds containing only carbon, chlorine and fluorine) and chlorinated hydrofluorocarbons (i.e., compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine). The chlorinated fluorocarbons and chlorinated hydrofluorocarbons can contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The processes employ a multiphase catalyst prepared in a manner which provides a homogeneous dispersion of ruthenium metal. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst may be made by preparing a decomposable single phase solid catalyst precursor and then converting the precursor to a multiple phase catalyst containing fluorine. In this multiple phase catalyst all the metals other than ruthenium consist essentially of the metal fluorides. A single phase catalyst precursor of the form
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Duzick Timothy C.
Rao Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna
Subramanian Munirpallam A.
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company
Wu David W.
Zalukaeva Tanya
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