Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Halogen containing
Patent
1996-11-21
1998-12-08
Kight, John
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Halogen containing
570163, 570166, 570168, 570170, 570175, C07C 1700, C07C 1720
Patent
active
058472428
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a national filing under 35 USC 371 of International Application No. PCT/US95/0586, filed May 19, 1995 claiming priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/249,765 filed May 26, 1994 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,069.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to fluoride compositions and their preparation and use, and more particularly to fluoride catalysts, precursors for such catalysts, and preparation and use of such catalysts for processing halogenated hydrocarbons.
BACKGROUND
Numerous processes have been developed for changing the fluorine content of halogenated hydrocarbons. These include increasing the fluorine amount of halogenated hydrocarbons which are not fully fluorinated, decreasing the fluorine content of halogenated hydrocarbon containing fluorine, and redistributing the number of fluorine atoms among two or more halogenated hydrocarbon molecules which are not fully fluorinated.
Various catalysts have been proposed for use in facilitating processes such as hydrofluorination, hydrochlorination (i.e., fluorine substitution by chlorine) and disproportionation which involve halogenated hydrocarbons. See, e.g., L. E. Manzer et al., Adv. Catal. (39) pp. 329-350 (1993). The catalysts proposed include catalysts involving combinations of cations. For example, a well known class of catalysts includes metals supported on alumina or fluorinated alumina. Typically these materials are prepared by depositing a soluble salt of the metal on an alumina or aluminum fluoride support. While this method does provide a combination catalyst, the support material and the material deposited thereon are not uniformly mixed. Techniques such as coprecipitation which rely upon physical characteristics of individual components (e.g., solubility) also typically yield non-homogeneously dispersed products due to differences in physical and chemical properties of the components. There is an interest in developing means for more homogeneous dispersion of components of multiple cation catalysts which can be used for changing the fluorine content of halogenated hydrocarbons.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides a process for changing the fluorine content of halogenated hydrocarbons containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in the presence of a multiphase catalyst. The process is characterized by (1) preparing a single phase solid catalyst precursor which has a structure that collapses at a temperature of about 600.degree. C. or less and has the formula E.sub.u E'.sub.1-u Z.sub.v (H.sub.2 O).sub.w Y.sub.z wherein E is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group I through Group VIII metals of the Periodic Table, E' is at least one element other than the E elements selected from the group consisting of Group I through Group VIII metals of the Periodic Table, Z is at least one anion selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, oxide and oxygen-containing groups which decompose at about 600.degree. C., or less, Y is a cation which decomposes at about 600.degree. C., or less, u is from 0.001 to 0.999, w is from 0 to about 20, z is from 0 to about 5, and v is selected to essentially balance the charge of said precursor; and (2) producing said catalyst by heating said single phase solid catalyst precursor to about 600.degree. C. or less to produce a multiphase composition wherein a phase containing E is homogeneously dispersed with a phase containing E', and at least when said precursor contains no fluoride, contacting said multiphase composition with a vaporizable fluorine-containing fluorinating compound at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to 450.degree. C.
This invention further provides single phase fluoride compositions having the formula MM'F.sub.5 (H.sub.2 O).sub.2 wherein M is at least one divalent element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Zn, Mg and Cd and M' is at least one trivalent element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Cr and V, provided that Cr is not more than about 10 atom percent of M'. This invention also provides mul
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Rao Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna
Subramanian Munirpallam A.
Covington Raymond
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company
Kight John
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