Mineral oils: processes and products – Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons – Solids contacting and mixing
Patent
1996-11-14
1998-03-31
Caldarola, Glenn
Mineral oils: processes and products
Chemical conversion of hydrocarbons
Solids contacting and mixing
208157, 208108, 208158, 208163, 208165, 208166, 208209, 208254H, C10G 3514
Patent
active
057334404
ABSTRACT:
This invention makes possible substantially continuous flow of uniformly distributed hydrogen and hydrocarbon liquid across a densely packed catalyst bed to fill substantially the entire volume of a reactor vessel by introducing the fluids as alternate annular rings of gas and liquid (i.e. a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon and a hydrogen-containing gas) at a rate insufficient to levitate or ebullate the catalyst bed. Catalyst are selected by density, shape and size at a design feed rate of liquids and gas to prevent ebullation of the packed bed at the design feed rates. Catalysts are selected by measuring bed expansion, such as in a large pilot plant run, with hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and catalyst at the design pressures and flow velocities. The liquid and gas components of the feed flow into the bed in alternate annular rings across the full area of the bed. At the desired flow rate, such catalyst continually flows in a plug-like manner downwardly through the reactor vessel by introducing fresh catalyst at the top of the catalyst bed by laminarly flowing such catalyst in a liquid stream on a periodic or semicontinuous basis. Catalyst is similarly removed by laminarly flowing catalyst particles in a liquid stream out of the bottom of the catalyst bed. Intake for such flow is out of direct contact with the stream of gas flowing through the bed and the flow path is substantially constant in cross-sectional area and greater in diameter by several times than the diameter of the catalyst particles. The catalyst of this invention produces a plug-flowing substantially packed bed of hydroprocessing catalyst which occupies at least about 75% by volume of the reactor volume.
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Bachtel Robert W.
Johnson David R.
Kramer David C.
McCall James T.
Scheuerman Georgieanna L.
Caldarola Glenn
Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Klaassen Alan W.
Yildirim Bekir L.
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