Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Catalyst or precursor therefor – Metal – metal oxide or metal hydroxide
Patent
1995-02-28
1997-03-18
Caldarola, Glenn A.
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Catalyst or precursor therefor
Metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide
502439, 502339, 502527, 422175, B01J 2104, B01J 2338, F01N 310
Patent
active
056122772
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a catalyst and a method for its manufacture, wherein the catalyst is made of at least two metal foil strips, at least one of the strips having transverse corrugations, the metal foil strips being formed into a honeycomb which contains channels, the metal foil strips being coated with a support or supports, and at least one catalytically active agent such as a noble metal being added to the coated strips to produce a catalytic surface, in which case the catalytic surface has the physical structure derived from the coating.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For treating gases, and in particular for purifying the polluting exhaust gases of combustion engines, there have been used various catalytic surfaces, mainly depending on the composition of the exhaust gases and the structure of the catalyst. The polluting components of exhaust gases are substantially composed of unburnt hydrocarbons, cracked hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. The purpose of the catalyst is to cause the hydrocarbons and the carbon monoxide to oxidize, i.e. to burn as completely as possible to carbon dioxide and water, and the oxides of nitrogen to become reduced to elemental nitrogen. Exhaust gas often also contains small amounts of sulfur dioxide derived from the sulfur present in the fuel, the sulfur burning in the engine to sulfur dioxide.
The basic structure of a catalyst comprises a frame material, i.e. a carrier, which may be ceramic or a metal foil strip; a support layer, i.e. a so-called washcoat; and noble metals used as active agents. A ceramic frame is usually made up of one or two successively placed monolithic pieces or honeycombs, which have channels or conduits, separated from each other by thin walls and longitudinal relative to the gas flow direction. A honeycomb made of a metal foil strip is made either by winding or by stacking, in which case, after tight packing of the strips, the corrugations transverse to the strip, in at least in a portion of the strip, form channels or conduits in the gas flow direction. Typically a honeycomb is made up of a flat strip and a corrugated strip placed alternately.
When the purification of the exhaust gases of a gasoline engine is concerned, gamma aluminum oxide is commonly used as the support. In catalysts used for purifying exhaust gases of other types of engines, for example diesel engines and natural gas engines, it is also possible to use, for example, silica, i.e. silicon dioxide, and titania, i.e. titanium dioxide. Zeolites are also commonly used as supports in catalysts. The purpose of the support is to form a sufficiently large surface area for the catalytic agents such as noble metals, and often also to participate in the catalytic reactions. Depending on the support, such support properties having an effect on reactions may include an ability to bind sulfur dioxide gas or oxygen. The physical structure of the catalytic surface means, for example, the thickness of the support, the layered structure of the support, the porosity of the support, and other properties which are dependent on the coating technique used.
Various additives, such as earth alkali metals and lanthanides, are used for improving the properties of the support, for example its thermal stability. Cerium compounds are used in the support to improve the storage of oxygen. In application publication FI-884977, the cerium oxide content of a support is varied according to the form in which aluminum oxide is used as the support.
Application publication FI-884978 discloses a catalyst in which the catalytic surface contains as a support cerium oxide, platinum and palladium in addition to aluminum oxide. Application publication JP 63,162,045 discloses a catalyst which contains noble metals such as Pt, Pd and Rh in various concentrations and in the form of various salts. A flat metal foil and a corrugated metal foil are immersed in a slurry of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 to produce a washcoat layer. The metal foil strips are wound to form a honeycomb, one end of whi
REFERENCES:
patent: 4382323 (1983-05-01), Chapman et al.
patent: 4822766 (1989-04-01), Cyron et al.
patent: 5043311 (1991-08-01), Engler et al.
patent: 5061464 (1991-10-01), Cordonna, Jr. et al.
H ark onen Matti
Kivioja Matti
Slotte Thomas
Bullock In Suk
Caldarola Glenn A.
Kemira Oy
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