Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbohydrates or derivatives
Patent
1995-12-20
1997-03-18
Kight, John
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbohydrates or derivatives
536119, 536121, 536123, 536124, C08B 3700, C07H 100, C07H 2300, C07H 1302
Patent
active
056124759
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the use of alkali metal salts of carboxymethyl guar galactomannan with degrees of substitution below 0.15 as sizing agents (sizes) and to a process for sizing natural and/or synthetic yarns using these compounds.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
It is known that sizes are used in weaving to provide the warp filaments with sufficient strength and, on the other hand, to stick small projecting fibers to the main body of yarn or, in the case of filament yarns, to bond the individual filaments to one another. This increases the level of stress which the warp filament is capable of withstanding during weaving. Well-known sizes are native or modified starches, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols and polyacrylates. In general, the sizes have to be removed from the woven fabric after weaving because otherwise they would affect the subsequent finishing processes. One way of removing the sizes is simply to wash them out with water which presupposes that the sizes can be removed by washing with water. Sizes with this property are, in particular, carboxy-methyl-substituted starches, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols and polyacrylates. Except for the carboxymethyl-substituted starches, however, the other sizes show inadequate biological degradability. Although carboxymethylated starches are readily biodegradable, their sizing effect is unsatisfactory so that they have to be used in large quantities with the result that the advantage of ready biodegradability is partly offset.
The inadequate biological degradability of the other sizes is a particular disadvantage insofar as sizes make up most of the wastewater pollution caused by the textile industry. Thus, it is assumed that sizes cause up to 80% of textile wastewater pollution. Accordingly, there has been no shortage of attempts to find highly efficient sizes which can readily be removed by washing with water and which show improved biodegradability.
DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART
In Melliand Textilberichte 8/1983, 526-529, for example, various galactomannans, including guar galactomannans, are described as sizes. This article mentions the advantages and disadvantages of galactomannan sizes and also their ready biodegradability. Sizes of guar galactomannan, tamarind seed flour and carob seed flour (carubin) are mentioned as examples of galactomannan sizes. However, it is maintained in the article in question that, on account of their inadequate adhesive strength, galactomannan sizes are not a reasonable alternative to the sizes used hitherto. Moreover, carboxymethyl derivatives of guar galactomannan are not mentioned in the article.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide more readily biodegradable sizes which could be removed by washing with water and which, in addition, would be at least comparable with or even better in their sizing effect than the sizes used hitherto, such as carboxymethyl cellulose.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has surprisingly been found that the problem stated above can be solved by using alkali metal salts of carboxymethyl guar galactomannan with degrees of substitution below 0.15 as sizing agents.
Applicants' own investigations have shown that special guar galactomannan derivatives, namely the alkali metal salts of carboxymethylated guar galactomannan, show good adhesive strength and ready biodegradability when they have a low degree of substitution.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of alkali metal salts of carboxymethyl guar galactomannan with degrees of substitution below 0.15 as sizing agents for sizing natural and/or synthetic yarns.
In the context of the present invention, the terms carboxymethylated guar galactomannan and carboxymethyl guar galactomannan are synonymous.
Guar galactomannan products are produced from the endosperm of guar seeds. Native guar products consist of galactomannans with small quantities of protein, fiber and fat and also very small quantities of alkali metals and alkaline earth metal
REFERENCES:
patent: 2477544 (1949-07-01), Moe
patent: 2520161 (1950-08-01), Owen
patent: 4011393 (1977-03-01), Trepasso
patent: 4031306 (1977-06-01), Demartino et al.
Textil Praxis International, vol. 48, No. 5, May 1993, Leinfelden De pp. 408-411, XP362784 Dr. Kaspar Schluter "Galaktomannane-eine zukinftsorientierte Schlichteklasse".
Melliand Textilberichte Aug. 1983, 526-529.
Miemietz Hans P.
Schlueter Kaspar
Waltenberger-Scharffetter Siegrid
Wuestnienhaus Bernhard
Grandmaison Real J.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Kight John
Szoke Ernest G.
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