Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Compound of indeterminate structure – prepared by reacting a...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-07-27
2001-04-03
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1721)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Compound of indeterminate structure, prepared by reacting a...
C044S330000, C508S305000, C508S454000, C564S201000, C564S204000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06211122
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to carboxylic compositions, derivatives thereof and use thereof as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil and fuel additives and as performance improving additives for lubricating oils and fuels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The viscosity of lubricating oils, particularly the viscosity of mineral oil based lubricating oils, is generally dependent upon temperature. As the temperature of the oil is increased, the viscosity usually decreases.
The function of a viscosity improver is to reduce the extent of the decrease in viscosity as the temperature is raised or to reduce the extent of the increase in viscosity as the temperature is lowered, or both. Thus, a viscosity improver ameliorates the change of viscosity of an oil containing it with changes in temperature. The fluidity characteristics of the oil are improved.
Numerous types of additives are used to improve lubricating oil and fuel compositions. Such additives include, but are certainly not limited to dispersants and detergents of the ashless and ash-containing variety, oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear additives, friction modifiers, and the like. Such materials are well known in the art and are described in many publications, for example, Smalheer, et al., “Lubricant Additives”, Lezius-Hiles Co., Cleveland, Ohio, USA (1967); M. W. Ranney, Ed., “Lubricant Additives”, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., USA (1973); M. J. Satriana, Ed., “Synthetic Oils and Lubricant Additives, Advances since 1977”, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., USA (1982), W. C. Gergel, “Lubricant Additive Chemistry”, Publication 694-320-65R1 of The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, Ohio, USA (1994); and W. C. Gergel et al., “Lubrication Theory and Practice” Publication 794-320-59R3 of The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe, Ohio, USA (1994); and in numerous United States patents, for example, Chamberlin, III, U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,972, Schroeck et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,401, Blystone et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,546 and Ripple et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,602. Many such additives are frequently derived from carboxylic reactants, for example, acids, esters, anhydrides, lactones, and others. Specific examples of commonly used carboxylic compounds used as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil additives include alkyl- and alkenyl substituted succinic acids and anhydrides, polyolefin substituted carboxylic acids, aromatic acids, such as salicylic acids, and others. Illustrative carboxylic compounds are described in Meinhardt et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,234,435; Norman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,872; LeSuer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,454,607, and Rense, U.S. Pat. No. 3,215,707.
Dispersants are well-known in the lubricating art. Dispersants are employed in lubricants to keep impurities, particularly those formed during operation of mechanical devices such as internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, etc. in suspension rather than allowing them to deposit as sludge or other deposits on the surfaces of lubricated parts.
Conventional dispersants are poor contributors to improving high temperature, e.g., 100° C., viscosity. Mixtures of conventional dispersants with polymeric viscosity improvers are often used but such combinations are costly and may adversely affect low temperature viscometric performance.
Dispersant-viscosity improvers which provide both dispersancy and viscosity improving characteristics to an oil are well known.
It has now been found that mixtures of carboxylic compositions and derivatives thereof, as set forth in greater detail hereinbelow provide improved 100° C. viscosity to lubricants without adversely affecting low temperature properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carboxylic composition comprising hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acylating agents prepared by reacting, optionally in the presence of an acidic catalyst, a polyolefin and a terpolymer, simultaneously or individually in any order, with at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula
R
3
C(O)(R
4
)
n
C(O)OR
5
(IV)
wherein each of R and R is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R
4
is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof.
In another embodiment, the invention relates to derivatives of the foregoing carboxylic composition, with one or more of (1) an amine characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN<group; (2) an alcohol; (3) a reactive metal or a reactive metal compound; and (4) a mixture of two or more of (1) through (3); the components of (4) being reacted with the mixture of carboxylic acylating agents simultaneously or sequentially, in any order.
Additive concentrates containing these compositions and lubricating oil and fuel compositions are also contemplated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As used herein, the terms “hydrocarbon”, “hydrocarbyl” or “hydrocarbon based” mean that the group being described has predominantly hydrocarbon character within the context of this invention. These include groups that are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. They may also include groups containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the group. Such substituents may include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro-, etc. These groups also may contain hetero atoms. Suitable hetero atoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, while remaining predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, these groups may contain atoms other than carbon present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
In general, no more than about three non-hydrocarbon substituents or hetero atoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present for every 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon based groups. Most preferably, the groups are purely hydrocarbon in nature, that is they are essentially free of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
Throughout the specification and claims the expression oil soluble or dispersible is used. By oil soluble or dispersible is meant that an amount needed to provide the desired level of activity or performance can be incorporated by being dissolved, dispersed or suspended in an oil of lubricating viscosity. Usually, this means that at least about 0.001% by weight of the material can be incorporated in a lubricating oil composition. For a further discussion of the terms oil soluble and dispersible, particularly “stably dispersible”, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,019 which is expressly incorporated herein by reference for relevant teachings in this regard.
It must be noted that as used in this specification and appended claims, the singular forms also include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include the plural; for example “a monomer” includes mixtures of monomers of the same type. As another example the singular form “monomer” is intended to include both singular and plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the context of this invention the term “copolymer” means a polymer derived from two or more different monomers. Thus, a polymer derived from a mixture of, for example, ethylene and propylene, is a copolymer as defined herein.
The Carboxylic Compositions
The carboxylic compositions of this invention comprise the hydrocarbon substituted carboxylic acylating agents prepared by reacting, optionally in the presence of an acidic catalyst, a polyolefin and a terpolymer, simultaneously or individually in any order, with at least one carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula
R
3
C(O)(R
4
)
n
C(O)OR
5
(IV)
wherein each of R
3
and R
5
is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R
4
is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof.
The Polyolefin
The polyolefin, from which the carboxylic composition is derived, is typi
Dietz Jeffry G.
Pudelski John K.
Sivik Matthew R.
Fischer Joseph P.
Medley Margaret
The Lubrizol Corporation
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