Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Cosmetic – antiperspirant – dentifrice
Reexamination Certificate
2002-05-14
2004-06-01
Dodson, Shelley A. (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice
C424S070100, C424S070220, C424S070240, C424S400000, C514S390000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06743434
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of skin care, and the apparent retardation of skin aging. The present invention also relates to the field of hair treatment and particularly to the removal of chemically bound residues and mineral deposits from hair. Hair may act as a sink for environmental minerals and heavy metals. In addition to undesirable changes in color and appearance, environmental minerals may have an adverse effect on chemical hair treatments. Mineral deposits in tap water may strip away highlights, darkening hair color to a brassier hue.
2. Description of the Art Practices
U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,285 issued to Lundmark on Aug. 20, 1991 describes a composition containing allantoin, panthenol, and a monohydric alcohol. The Lundmark patent describes a substantially homogeneous product obtained by: dispersing panthenol in a monohydric alcohol at a temperature above the melting point of the panthenol to obtain a liquid melt; and dispersing allantoin in the liquid melt at a temperature above the point at which the liquid melt is in the liquid phase. The product described in the Lundmark patent is for the treatment of keratinous substrates, including the treatment of hair.
The phenomenon of blonde hair acquiring a green tint when exposed to swimming pool water containing copper has been attributed to copper mineral absorption by hair. Such absorption occurs when copper is in the form of a weak complex of copper salts. Subsequent shampooing with a conventional composition cannot strip the green color. (Reference: G. Ramachandra Bhat, et. al.,
J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem.,
30, 1-8 (January/February 1979).
Previous attempts to develop compositions for the removal of minerals from human hair have utilized high concentrations of known chelating agents, extended contact times and processes which require the application of heat. In addition, special packaging may be required to prevent decomposition in the presence of air. For example, Ault in U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,172 issued Sep. 8, 1998 discloses a composition for use in removal of minerals from hair which comprises the combination of an acidifying agent, a reducing agent, a chelating agent, a gelling agent and water. A synergistic combination of chelating agents is stated to be disclosed in the Ault patent. Also disclosed in the Ault patent is a process for packaging the compositions and a method for removal of mineral residues from hair by the use of such compositions. The method disclosed in the Ault patent for the removal of mineral residues from hair may take up to 45 minutes for the removal of iron from hair. It is also stated in the Ault patent that the process requires the application of heat and an airtight container to prevent oxidation that would negate the usefulness of the invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,635,167 to Said, et al., issued Jun. 3, 1997 discloses a process for the removal of exogenous metal ions attached to human hair or keratin fiber which include the steps of contacting at least one chelating agent to the human hair or keratin fiber, the chelating agent selected from the group consisting of amino acid-type, polyphosphate-type and phosphonate-type agents, maintaining contact with the chelating agent and the human hair or keratin fiber for a period of time sufficient to permit the chelating agent to complex with the exogenous minerals, thereby removing at least a portion of the attached minerals, and rinsing the chelating agent.
The process of the Said, et al., patent is enhanced with the pH adjusted to a range of between 4 to 9, preferably 5 to 8. The chelating agent of the Said, et al., patent is added at a concentration of 4% by weight to 25% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight. In a preferred case, the chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of a salt of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, a salt of hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, a salt of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, a salt of nitrilotriacetic acid and a salt of tripolyphosphate, preferably the sodium salt. The Said, et al., patent teaches high concentrations of polyphosphate or phosphonate which may be irritating to the scalp of certain sensitive individuals and may limit the utility of the proposed invention for use in low irritation shampoo compositions.
Gary, et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 3,998,761 issued Dec. 21, 1976 discloses a shampoo composition suitable for conditioning hair. The compositions of the Gary, et al., patent comprise at least one detergent and a waste liquid beer sludge concentrate distributed in an aqueous medium. The beer solids are stated to be, in the Gary, et al., patent composition at from about 4% to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the shampoo composition and wherein said detergent comprises about 10 to 20% based on the total weight of the composition. The compositions of the Gary, et al., patent may contain minor amounts of proteins.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,948,416 issued to Wagner, et al., on Sep. 7, 1999 relates to leave on, skin care compositions, comprising: (A) from about 0.001% to about 20% of an active ingredient, (B) from about 1% to about 20% of a stable, hydrophobic, structuring agent selected from the group consisting of saturated C
16
to C
30
fatty alcohols, saturated C
16
to C
30
fatty alcohols containing from about 1 to about 5 moles of ethylene oxide, saturated C
16
to C
30
diols, saturated C
16
to C
30
monoglycerol ethers, saturated C
16
to C
30
hydroxy fatty acids, and mixtures thereof, having a melting point of at least about 45 degree C.; and (C) from about 0.05% to about 10% of a hydrophilic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and (D) from about 25% to about 98.949% water. These compositions of the Wagner, et al., patent are stated to be useful for delivering a wide variety of active ingredients to the skin.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,581,229 issued to Petrow on Apr. 8, 1986 discloses a hair treating solution and method which is stated to provide for improving hair quality and aiding in removal of inorganic substances from hair. The Petrow patent states that metals such as copper, iron, manganese, nickel and the like, if attached to hair after swimming or other hair-exposure thereto, can be removed by the use of a soluble lanthanum salt in a simple rinsing method.
The coloring of hair to a desired shade and having the hair retain the desired shade is quite important to consumers as set out in U.S. Pat. No. 5,112,359 Murphy, et al., issued May 12, 1992. The Murphy, et al., patent discloses certain dispersant free substituted diaminoanthraquinone colorants stated to be useful in hair dye compositions to more intensely color hair. The Murphy, et al., patent states that coloring kits, mousses, gels, and aerosols may contain the compositions disclosed therein.
Cationic polymers are used in shampoos and conditioners to facilitate combability and to make the hair feel softer and smoother to the touch. Cationic surfactants are positively charged molecules that have an affinity for negatively charged sites on the hair. When used repeatedly, an excess of cationic polymer may buildup on the hair shaft, resulting in dull, lifeless hair. Compositions for the removal of minerals from human hair do not address the problem of cationic polymeric buildup on the hair shaft.
The immersion of the skin in carbon dioxide enriched water has been shown to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the skin, Hartmann et. al., Angiology, vol. 48, pp. 337-43 (1997).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,026 issued to Collins Oct. 25, 1983 discusses polymeric compositions. The Collins patent in particular, describes the homopolymeric salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid in an amount sufficient to thicken the compositions disclosed therein.
Throughout the specification and claims, percentages and ratios are by weight, and temperatures are in degrees Celsius, unless otherwise indicated. To the extent that any of the references cited herein are applicab
Hlavac Wallace R.
Lundmark Larry D.
Collins Forrest L.
Dodson Shelley A.
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