Candle wax stabilized with red-shift benzotriazoles

Details Candle wax stabilized with red-shift benzotriazoles Candle wax stabilized with red-shift benzotriazoles

2000-02-01

2001-10-02

Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)

Fuel and related compositions

Candle composition

Reexamination Certificate

active

06296674

ABSTRACT:

The instant invention pertains to white, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax which is effectively stabilized against discoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of a red-shifted benzotriazole either alone or in combination with a hindered amine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Candles have been known for many centuries going back to the eighth century B.C. The nature of candles is described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume A5 at pages 29-30 where it is seen that candles are made from paraffin, beeswax and stearin as basic materials, and where a host of additives may also be present.
It is not surprising that with candles and wax becoming increasingly more important attention was paid as to how to stabilize said materials. At the National Candle Association Meeting in Houston, 1994, R. van der Vennet presented a paper on “Antioxidants in Wax—Replacement of BHT” touting the use of Vitamin E (tocopherol) as an antioxidant to prevent the yellowing of wax when oxidized. WO 94/13736 describes the same invention.
EP 359,488 A3 and EP 133,964 B1 describe stabilized waxes used in cosmetics where the waxes are the same or similar to those used in candles.
EP 5,922 A1 describes lip cosmetics where the waxes are useful in lipsticks and are related to those useful in candles.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694 describes in detail transparent gel candles both in composition and structure. The use of BHT as an antioxidant is mentioned.
At the National Candle Association Technical Meeting on Apr. 16, 1998, F. A. Ballentine et al., presented a paper entitled “Inhibiting Color Fading of Dyed Candles with CYASORB® Light Absorbers” in which the general theories of thermal oxidation and photodegradation are discussed along with data on the effect of light absorbers on color stability of dyed candle waxes. The light absorbers compared are 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-531; 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-9; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-5365; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole UV-5411 and 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole V-2337).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,905 teaches dyed and scented candle gels containing triblock copolymers and a hydrocarbon oil of high flash point. This reference teaches that a light (UV) absorber may be used to improve the shelf stability of the candle color when exposed to visible or ultraviolet light. Two preferred absorbers are ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (PARSOL® MCX, Roche) and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (CYASORB® 5411, Cytec).
None of these references teach the superior performance provided when the red-shifted benzotriazoles are used in place of the conventional UV absorbers described in the U.S. 5,964,905 or in the Ballentine et al. paper discussed above.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One object of the invention is to provide for a white unscented or dyed and/or scented candle wax stabilized by a red-shifted benzotriazole UV absorber.
Another object of the invention is to provide for a white unscented or dyed and/or scented candle wax stabilized by a combination of a red-shifted benzotriazole UV absorber and a hindered amine.
DETAILED DISCLOSURE
The instant invention pertains to a composition which comprises
(a) white, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax, and
(b) an effective stabilizing amount of a benzotriazole of formula I, II, III or IV
wherein
G
1
and G
1
′ are independently hydrogen or halogen,
G
2
and G
2
′ are independently halogen, nitro, cyano, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —CO—G
3
, —COOG
3
, —CONHG
3
, —CON(G
3
)
2
, E
3
SO—, E
3
SO
2
—, —P(O)(C
6
H
5
)
2
, —CO—G
3
, —CO—NH—G
3
, —CO—N(G
3
)
2
, —N(G
3
)—CO—G
3
,
or one of G
2
or G
2
′ is also hydrogen,
G
3
is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
E
1
is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or E
1
is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted by one or two hydroxy groups; or E
1
is a group —(CH
2
)
m
—CO—X
1
—G
3
where X
1
is —O—, —NH— or —NG
3
—,
E
2
and E
2
′ are independently straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or E
2
and E
2
′ are independently said alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or said alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more —OH, —OCOE
11
, —OE
4
, —NCO, —NH
2
, —NHCOE
11
, —NHE
4
or —N(E
4
)
2
, or mixtures thereof, where E
4
is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—, —NH— or —NE
4
— groups or mixtures thereof and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more —OH, —OE
4
or —NH
2
groups or mixtures thereof;
n is 1 or 2,
when n is 1, E
5
is OE
6
or NE
7
E
8
, or
E
5
is —PO(OE
12
)
2
, —OSi(E
11
)
3
or —OCO—E
11
,
or straight or branched chain C
1
-C
24
alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE
11
and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by —OH or —OCO—E
11
, C
5
-C
12
cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by —OH, straight chain or branched C
2
-C
18
alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by —OH, C
7
-C
15
aralkyl, —CH
2
—CHOH—E
13
or glycidyl,
E
6
is hydrogen, straight or branched chain C
1
-C
24
alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more OH, OE
4
or NH
2
groups, or —OE
6
is —(OCH
2
CH
2
)
w
OH or —(OCH
2
CH
2
)
w
OE
21
where w is 1 to 12 and E
21
is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
E
7
and E
8
are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain C
3
-C
18
alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE
11
—, C
5
-C
12
cycloalkyl, C
6
-C
14
aryl or C
1
-
3
hydroxylalkyl, or E
7
and E
8
together with the N atom are a pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine ring,
E
5
is —X—(Z)
p
—Y—E
15
wherein
X is —O— or —N(E
16
)—,
Y is —O— or —N(E
17
)—,
Z is C
2
-C
12
-alkylene, C
4
-C
12
-alkylene interrupted by one to three nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or a mixture thereof, or is C
3
-C
12
-alkylene, butenylene, butynylene, cyclohexylene or phenylene, each substituted by a hydroxyl group,
m is zero, 1 or 2,
p is 1, or p is also zero when X and Y are —N(E
16
)— and —N(E
17
)—, respectively,
E
15
is a group —CO—C(E
18
)═C(H)E
19
or, when Y is —N(E
17
)—, forms together with E
17
a group —CO—CH═CH—CO—, wherein E
18
is hydrogen or methyl, and E
19
is hydrogen, methyl or —CO—X—E
20
, wherein E
20
is hydrogen, C
1
-C
12
-alkyl or a group of the formula
wherein the symbols E
1
, G
2
, X, Z, m and p have the meanings defined above, and E
16
and E
17
independently of one another are hydrogen, C
1
-C
12
-alkyl, C
3
-C
12
-alkyl interrupted by 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, or is cyclohexyl or C
7
-C
15
aralkyl, and E
16
together with E
17
in the case where Z is ethylene, also forms ethylene,
when n is 2, one of G
2
can also be hydrogen,
E
5
is one of divalent radicals —O—E
9
—O— or —N(E
11
)—E
10
—N(E
11
)—,
E
—
9 is C
2
-C
8
alkylene, C
4
-C
8
alkenylene, C
4
alkynylene, cyclohexylene, straight or branched chain C
4
-C
10
alkylene which is interrupted by —O— or by —CH
2
—CHOH—CH
2
—O—E
14
—O—CH
2
—CHOH—CH
2
—,
E
10
being straight or branched chain C
2
-C
12
alkylene which may be interrupted by —O—, cyclohexylene, or
or E
10
and E
11
with the two nitrogen atoms form a piperazine ring,
E
14
is straight or

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