Candle wax stabilized with piperazindiones

Details Candle wax stabilized with piperazindiones Candle wax stabilized with piperazindiones

2001-04-02

2003-05-13

Toomer, Cephia D. (Department: 1714)

Fuel and related compositions

Candle composition

Reexamination Certificate

active

06562084

ABSTRACT:

The instant invention pertains to white, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax which is effectively stabilized against discoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of a piperazindione in combination with a UV absorber and/or an antioxidant.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Candles have been known for many centuries going back to the eighth century B.C. The nature of candles is described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume A5 at pages 29-30 where it is seen that candles are made from paraffin, beeswax and stearin as basic materials, and where a host of additives may also be present.
It is not surprising that with candles and wax becoming increasingly more important attention was paid as to how to stabilize the said materials. At the National Candle Association Meeting in Houston, 1994, R. van der Vennet presented a paper on “Antioxidants in Wax—Replacement of BHT” touting the use of Vitamin E (tocopherol) as an antioxidant to prevent the yellowing of wax when oxidized. WO 94/13736 describes the same invention.
EP 359,488 A3 and EP 133,964 B1 describe stabilized waxes used in cosmetics where the waxes are the same or similar to those used in candles.
EP 5,922 A1 describes lip cosmetics where the waxes are useful in lipsticks and are related to those useful in candles.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694 describes in detail transparent gel candles both in composition and structure. The use of BHT as an antioxidant is mentioned.
At the National Candle Association Technical Meeting on Apr. 16, 1998, F. A. Ballentine et al., presented a paper entitled “Inhibiting Color Fading of Dyed Candles with CYASORB® Light Absorbers” in which the general theories of thermal oxidation and photodegradation are discussed along with data on the effect of light absorbers on color stability of dyed candle waxes. The light absorbers compared are 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-531; 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-9; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-5365; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole UV-5411 and 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-2337).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,905 teaches dyed and scented candle gels containing triblock copolymers and a hydrocarbon oil of high flash point. This reference teaches that a light (UV) absorber may be used to improve the shelf stability of the candle color when exposed to visible or ultraviolet light. Two preferred absorbers are ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (PARSOL® MCX, Roche) and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (CYASORB® 5411, Cytec).
WO 00/22037 teaches the stabilization of solid, shaped and colored wax articles, including candles, using a malonate UV absorber which may optionally contain a hindered amine moiety as part of the malonate compound structure. The wax articles are dyed with a variety of oil soluble dyes and pigments. The samples protected by dimethyl p-methoxy-benzylidinemalonate exhibited better resistance to discoloration that did samples stabilized with selected benzotriazole or benzophenone UV absorbers.
Japanese Hei 3-278554 teaches that wax crayons (drawing materials) colored by organic pigments can be stabilized by a hindered amine and/or benzotriazole.
In respect to wax stabilization, the use of selected hindered amines and/or benzotriazole UV absorbers is also known in the prior art as seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,530,084; 4,379,721; 4,616,051 and 5,964,905 and copending applications Ser. Nos. 09/495,495, 09/495,496 and 09/741,583.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,899,491; 3,992,351; 4,007,156 and 4,007,157 teach piperazindione compounds and their conversion into corresponding piperazine derivatives as light stabilizers.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,919,234 and 3,969,316 describe the generic synthesis of selected piperazindione compounds as light stabilizers.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,928,357; 4,051,137; 4,125,517 and 4,208,522 show the preparation of substituted piperazindione compounds as light stabilizers.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,920,659 and 3,968,078 describe the preparation of substituted piperazindione ester compounds as light stabilizers.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,590,231; 4,668,721 and 4,691,015 describe the stabilization of polyolefin compositions using various hydroxylamine compounds some of which contain a piperazindione moiety.
WO 98/44008 teaches controlled free radical polymerization processes using a stable free radical agent which is a piperazinone, piperazindione or morpholinone based nitroxide.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,936,456 describes substituted piperazinedione oxyl and hydroxylamine derivaties useful in stabilizing polyolefins.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,413,096 depicts olefin copolymers having pendant hindered amine groups inter alia one containing a piperazindione moiety.
German Offenlegungsschrift DE 199 24 984 A1 describes compositions stabilized by a host of piperazindione derivatives.
None of these references teach the superior performance provided when the piperazindione compounds are used in conjunction with a UV absorber and/or antioxidant to stabilize candle wax.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide for a white and unscented; white and scented; dyed and unscented; dyed and scented; dipped and unscented; or dipped and scented candle wax stabilized by a combination of a piperazindione compound with a UV absorber and/or antioxidant.
DETAILED DISCLOSURE
The instant invention pertains to a composition which comprises
(a) candle wax which is white and unscented; white and scented; dyed and unscented; dyed and scented; dipped and unscented; or dipped and scented, and
(b) an effective stabilizing amount of a combination of
(i) a piperazindione compound containing a moiety of generic formula I,
(ii) a UV absorber or an antioxidant, or a UV absorber and an antioxidant
wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 10:1 to 1:10.
In another embodiment of the instant invention, the piperazindione compound of component (b)(i) is a compound of formula Ia
where
p is 1 or 2
when p is 1,
G is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by NH
2
, by OH, by halogen, by —OR
6
or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl, or by a mixture of these groups; or is interrupted by —O—, by —NH— or by —NR
6
— or by a mixture of said groups; or G is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by —COOR
7
or by phenyl;
when p is 2,
G is alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, alkylene of 3 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by one to four OH or said alkylene interrupted by one to four oxygen atoms; or G is phenylene, C
1
-C
4
alkylphenylene, —COO—, —CONH—,
 —NH— or —NR
6
—,
R
1
, R
2
, R
3
and R
4
are independently alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups; or R
1
and R
2
together, R
3
and R
4
together or R
1
and R
2
together and with R
3
and R
4
together are tetramethylene, pentamethylene or pentamethylene substituted by methyl;
R
5
is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, cyanoethyl, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three radicals selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenylalkoxy of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, said phenylalkoxy substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three radicals selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkoxy of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, alkynyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups, said alkyl substituted by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or said alkyl interrupted by one to twenty oxygen atoms and substituted by one hydroxyl, by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy; or R
5
is alkanoyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenoyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, alkanoyloxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, glycidyl, or a group —CH
2
CH(OH)—E where E is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl;
X is —O—, —NH— or —NR
6
—;
Z is —NH
2
, —NHR
6
, —N(R
6
)

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