Television – Camera – system and detail – Still and motion modes of operation
Reexamination Certificate
1997-10-15
2001-02-20
Ho, Tuan (Department: 2712)
Television
Camera, system and detail
Still and motion modes of operation
C348S207110
Reexamination Certificate
active
06191815
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to cameras which include a multimode microfluidic printer for printing images captured or received by the camera.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known in the prior art to provide an electronic camera which uses an area image sensor. Digital images produced from the image sensor are stored in memory and these images can be shown on a display so that the user can determine which image should be stored for use in producing hard copy images. Typically, these images can be stored in a magnetic disk or a compact PCMCIA Memory Card.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,262,301 an electronic camera is disclosed which includes a display device. The camera also includes a digital-to-analog converter which sends signals to the display. Also, the digital-to-analog converter selectively sends these images to a magnetic tape for storage. Images on the magnetic tape can then be produced as a hard copy by a printer which is provided on the camera. A problem with the approach in U.S. Pat. No. 4,262,301 is approach is that a print must be made in order for a user to determine whether it is satisfactory.
A shortcoming with prior electronic cameras is that the printer is spaced from the camera and must be electrically coupled to digital storage structure within the camera which frequently produces artifacts. Microfluidic printers such as ink jet printers, often use a structure which provide relative movement of a head and a media sheet which induces artifacts into the output hard copy print and is therefore difficult to provide an effective structure mounted on a camera body.
Microfluidic pumping and dispensing of liquid chemical reagents is the subject of three U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,585,069; 5,593,838; and 5,603,351, all assigned to the David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. The system uses an array of micron sized reservoirs, with connecting microchannels and reaction cells etched into a substrate. Electrokinetic pumps include electrically activated electrodes within the capillary microchannels provide the propulsive forces to move the liquid reagents within the system. The electrokinetic pump, which is also known as an electroosmotic pump, has been disclosed by Dasgupta et al., see “Electroosmosis: A Reliable Fluid Propulsion System for Flow Injection Analyses”, Anal. Chem. 66, pp. 1792-1798 (1994). The chemical reagent solutions are pumped from a reservoir, mixed in controlled amounts, and them pumped into a bottom array of reaction cells. The array could be decoupled from the assembly and removed for incubation or analysis. When used as a printing device, the chemical reagent solutions are replaced by dispersions of cyan, magenta, and yellow pigment, and the array of reaction cells could be considered a viewable display of picture elements, or pixels, comprising mixtures of pigments having the hue of the pixel in the original scene. When contacted with paper, the capillary force of the paper fibers pulls the dye from the cells and holds it in the paper, thus producing a paper print, or reproduction, of the original scene.
One problem with this kind of printer is the rendering of an accurate tone scale. The problem comes about because the capillary force of the paper fibers remove all the pigment solution from the cell, draining it empty. If, for example, a yellow pixel is being printed, the density of the image will be fully yellow. However, in some scenes, a light, or pale yellow is the original scene color. One way to solve this problem would be to stock and pump a number of yellow pigments ranging from very light to dark yellow. Another way to solve the tone scale problem is to print a very small dot of dark yellow and leave white paper surrounding the dot. The human eye will integrate the white and the small dot of dark yellow leading to an impression of light yellow, provided the dot is small enough. This is the principle upon which the art of color halftone lithographic printing rests. It is sometimes referred to as area modulation of tone scale. However, in order to provide a full tone scale of colors, a high resolution printer is required, with many more dots per inch than would be required if the colors could be printed at different densities.
Another solution to the tone scale problem has been provided in the area of ink jet printers, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,351 by Gilbert A. Hawkins, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In an ink jet printer, the drop size is determined primarily by the surface tension of the ink and the size of the orifice from which the drop is ejected. The ink jet printer thus has a similar problem with rendition of tone scale. U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,351 overcomes the problem by premixing the colored ink with a colorless ink in the correct proportions to produce a drop of ink of the correct intensity to render tone scale. However, ink jet printers require a relatively high level of power to function, and they tend to be slow since only a few pixels are printed at a time (serial printing), in comparison to the microfluidic printer in which all the pixels are printed simultaneously (parallel printing).
Another problem with microfluidic printing is that of image resolution. Often it is desired to print a low resolution image which does not have the same quality constraints as an image with higher resolution. Still further, it is highly desirable to be able to change the size of an image printer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide an electronic camera with an integrated compact, low powered multimode printer which rapidly prints high quality continuous tone images of different resolutions.
This objects is achieved in an electronic camera responsive to a digital image stored in such camera, and having a multimode microfluidic printer for printing images of different resolutions onto receivers corresponding to the stored digital image, the improvement comprising:
a) means for focusing an image of a subject at an image plane;
b) area image sensor means disposed at the image plane for receiving the image subject and producing a digital image representing the subject;
c) storage means coupled to the area image sensor for storing the digitized image of the subject; and
d) the microfluidic printer including a plurality of colorant reservoirs including several reservoirs for containing different colorants and a plurality of colorant delivery chambers;
e) selectable mode control means responsive to a selected mode of operation including different pixel spacing and colored images and the stored digital image for causing colorants to be delivered from colorant reservoirs to selected colorant delivery chambers in the correct amount; and
f) means for causing the transfer of the colorants in the chambers to the receiver.
ADVANTAGES
By using an electronic camera with a microfluidic printer, the printer can be operated in multiple modes producing image of desired resolution with such images being either monochromatic or colored. A user can readily acquire visual images on receivers directly from the camera. The printer in the camera, in accordance with the present invention, causes colorants to be delivered from colorant reservoirs to selected colorant delivery chambers in the correct amount.
A feature of the present invention is that by using colorant delivery chambers, some of them can be left empty to vary pixel spacing. Microfluidic printing provides high quality continuous tone prints.
Another feature of the invention is that the printer is low power, compact, and portable.
A further feature of the invention is that the printing process is fast, because all the colored pixels can be printed simultaneously.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4262301 (1981-04-01), Erlichman
patent: 5715234 (1998-02-01), Stephenson et al.
patent: 5751445 (1998-05-01), Masunaga
patent: 5771810 (1998-06-01), Wolcott
patent: 5894326 (1999-04-01), McIntyre et al.
Eastman Kodak Company
Ho Tuan
Owens Raymond L.
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