Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-11-09
2002-08-06
Ogden, Necholus (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
C510S185000, C510S488000, C510S492000, C134S040000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06429179
ABSTRACT:
This invention relates to compositions suitable, inter alia, as lubricant additives, and especially to calcium overbased detergents, and more especially to such materials suitable for use as additives to lubricants for use in marine engines.
To meet intense pressures on capital, maintenance, and running costs, marine engine manufacturers are producing new engines designed to minimize fuel and lubricant consumption, and are placing heavy demands on suppliers to provide lubricants that reduce wear and extend the period between overhauls. There is a continuing need for lubricant additives that provide detergency, antioxidant properties, and rust protection, and that neutralize corrosive acids from sulphur-containing fuels. Overbased detergents are uniquely able to fulfil all of these necessary roles.
Lubricant formulators are, as a result of the requirements placed on them by engine manufacturers and users, in turn seeking higher total base number (TBN) overbased detergents, in order to reduce the treat rate while maintaining effectiveness. (In this specification, the TBN of an overbased detergent is the TBN, in mg KOH/g, as measured by ASTM D2896.) There is also a need for products which, while being highly effective as additives, can be more cost-effective than existing products, and which are relatively easy to prepare and to handle.
Overbased metal-containing detergents suitable for use as lubricant additives are typically prepared as concentrates in oil. In such concentrates, a basic metal-containing material is maintained in dispersion or solution in the oil by a surfactant system comprising, for example, phenate, salicylate, sulphonate or naphthenate anions.
Overbased detergents initially contained a single type of anion, for example a member or members of the phenate group, or of the suiphonate group, but for many years compositions have been available that contain anions of two or more such groups, obtained either by adding two or more overbased detergents having different types of anion or by the manufacture of a hybrid material in which two or more anions of different groups are incorporated during the overbasing process. As basic materials, compounds of members of the alkali and alkaline earth groups are used, compounds of calcium being most frequently employed.
For a number of applications, for example, for lubricants for use in marine engines, it is in some cases desirable, for maximum effectiveness, that overbased detergents contain a relatively high proportion of phenate and/or salicylate anions. Such overbased detergents may also be useful in other applications.
The present invention provides a calcium overbased detergent comprising a surfactant system derivable, and preferably derived, from at least two surfactants, at least one of which is a sulphurized or non-sulphurized phenol or a derivative thereof and the other, or at least one other, of which is a surfactant other than a phenol surfactant, the proportion, measured as described herein, of the said phenol in the surfactant system being at least 45 mass %, and the overbased detergent having a TBN: % surfactant ratio (as hereinafter defined) of at least 14, advantageously at least 15, especially at least 19, provided that, when the said ratio is less than 15, the said proportion of phenol is at least 60 mass %, and when the said ratio is less than 19 and the said proportion of phenol is less than 60 mass %, the overbased detergent has a viscosity at 100° C. of at most 1000 mm
2
/s.
Independently of the TBN: % surfactant ratio, the proportion of phenol in the surfactant system is advantageously at least 55 mass % (except where the proportion is specified above to be at least 60 mass %), preferably at least 70 mass %. Independently of the phenol proportion, the TBN: % surfactant ratio is advantageously at least 16, preferably at least 19, especially at least 21. Preferably, however, the phneol proportion and the said ratio are both as given.
The invention also provides an overbased calcium detergent comprising a surfactant system derivable, and preferably derived, from at least two surfactants, at least one of which is a sulphurized or non-sulphurized salicylic acid or a derivative thereof and the other, or at least one other, of which is a surfactant other than a salicylic surfactant, the proportion, measured as described herein, of the said salicylic acid in the surfactant system being at least 25 mass %, and the overbased detergent having a TBN: % surfactant ratio (as hereinafter defined) of at least 16.
In the last-mentioned case, independently of the TBN: % surfactant ratio, the proportion of the salicylic acid in the surfactant system is advantageously at least 35 mass %, preferably at least 45 mass %, more preferably at least 55 mass %, especially 70 mass %. Independently of the salicylic acid proportion, the TBN: % surfactant ratio is advantageously at least 18, preferably at least 19, especially at least 21. Preferably, however, the salicylic acid proportion and the said ratio are both as given.
The invention further provides an overbased calcium detergent comprising a surfactant system derivable, and preferably derived, from at least three surfactants, at least one of the surfactants being a sulphurized or non-sulphurized phenol or a derivative thereof, at least one other of the surfactants being a sulphurized or non-sulphurized salicylic acid or a derivative thereof, the third, or a third, surfactant being a surfactant other than a phenol or salicylic surfactant, the proportion, measured as described herein, of the said phenol in the surfactant system being at least 35 mass %, and the overbased detergent having a TBN: % surfactant ratio (as hereinafter defined) of at least 11, preferably at least 12.
Independently of the TBN: % surfactant ratio, the proportion of the phenol in the surfactant system in the last-mentioned case is advantageously at least 45 mass %, preferably at least 55 mass %, more preferably at least 70 mass %. Independently of the phenol proportion, the TBN: % surfactant ratio is advantageously at least 13, preferably at least 14, more preferably at least 18, especially at least 21. Preferably, however, the phneol proportion and the said ratio are both as given.
The invention also provides an overbased calcium detergent comprising a surfactant system derivable, and preferably derived, from at least three surfactants, at least one of the surfactants being a sulphurized or non-sulphurized phenol or a derivative thereof, at least one other of the surfactants being a sulphurized or non-sulphurized salicylic acid or a derivative thereof, the third, or a third, surfactant being a sulphonic acid or a derivative thereof, and the overbased detergent having a TBN of at least 300.
In the last-mentioned case, independently of the TBN: % surfactant ratio, the proportion of phenol is advantageously at least 15 mass %, more advantageously at least 25 mass %, preferably at least 35 mass %, more preferably at least 45 mass %, especially at least 55 mass %, and more especially at least 70 mass %. Independently of the phenol proportion, the TBN: % surfactant ratio is advantageously at least 11, preferably at least 12, more preferably at least 13, especially at least 14, more especially at least 18, particularly at least 21 Preferably, however, the phenol proportion and the said ratio are both as given. In one aspect of the invention, the TBN: % surfactant ratio is at least 13 and the proportion of phenol is at least 35 mass %.
By a “calcium overbased detergent” is meant an overbased detergent in which the metal cations of the basic metal-containing material are essentially calcium cations. Small amounts of other cations may be present in the basic metal-containing material, but typically at least 80 mole %, more typically at least 90 mole %, for example at least 95 mole %, of the cations in the basic metal-containing material, are calcium ions. Cations other than calcium may be derived, for example, from the use in the manufacture of the overbased detergent of a surfactant salt in which the cation is
Lenack Alain Louis Pierre
Skinner Philip
Infineum U.S.A. L.P.
Ogden Necholus
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