Hydraulic and earth engineering – Earth treatment or control – Shoring – bracing – or cave-in prevention
Reexamination Certificate
1999-08-20
2001-10-23
Neuder, William (Department: 3673)
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Earth treatment or control
Shoring, bracing, or cave-in prevention
C405S273000, C405S258100, C405S015000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06305883
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is related to earth stabilization, and more particularly to a cage frame which is suitable to be used for shore protection, side-slope protection, erosion control, hillside soil guards, landslide reconstruction, pier protection, foot protection, and to form soil guards for sand banks and the like by filling with stones or broken stones.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the prior art, shore protection works attempted to prevent erosion of the end of the slope and foundation movement by waves by covering the front of the slope with npraps and concrete blocks. Likewise, foot protection of the end of the slope was included to prevent the progress of foundation movement or erosion. For foot protection, many methods of constructions are used, for instance, the form shown in the Japanese patent applications 04359388 and 06164640 may be used. Hollow framing is typically formed by using wire netting and the cage frame is filled with stones, and/or broken stones, on the inside.
However, cage frames made by wire netting have several disadvantages. First, because the hollow framing is made by wire netting, it does not have sufficient strength. When the broken stones are added for filling, the wire netting is typically deformed by being not able to handle the weight of those, and it has a chance to be deformed by the force of water, such as during flooding. At these situations, the framing can not properly function as a cage frame for shore protection and the like because the broken stones would flow out. Second, because the wire netting is made with mild steel which has low carbon, it is easy to corrode. When part of wire netting is broken by slow deterioration, the cage frame function is defeated when the broken stones, stones and so on flow out from the broken part. Further, because the hollow framing is made by wire netting, bacteria which like carbon do not stick to the surface, so it cannot be used efficiently as a gathering place for fish.
Third, the hollow framing is constructed by joining many face materials, and for the joint, the string type material is used, the string type material is easily corroded and has a chance to be broken. If the string material is broken, the hollow framing will be apart, broken stones and stones will flow outside, then it can not properly function as the cage frame.
The purpose of this invention is because of these situations and to provide the cage frame for shore protection and so on which can have greatly improved durability, can be easily set up and executed at the site, can easily create appropriate environment for organism's habitat, and can be used efficiently as a gathering place for fish.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention cage frame forms the hollow framing by joining many planar frame members, sometimes referred to herein as “plane frames”, with many openings on each. Thereafter, the broken stones and the like are used to fill the spaces inside the frame. Each plane frame is formed by cast iron with joints founded to each main framing, and the hollow framing is formed by joining the joints together with the joint parts. For the joint parts, the cylinder shape and the plate shape which have the same section for the total length, or the tapering shape wedge can be used.
These cage frames for shore protection and so on can be placed at appropriate places for shore protection, side-slide protection, a hillside sand guard, landslide reconstruction, and so on. Preferably, the plane frame is 40-80 cm (height)×100-150 cm (length), weighs 10-30 kg, and is made entirely of cast iron.
When the plane frame is formed by cast iron, the strength of the cage frame is very improved. Therefore, the frame will not be deformed by receiving big force of water from flood and so on, or by being filled with broken stones, stones and so on, and can certainly prevent broken stones and stones from flowing out. Further, by using the plane frame which is 40-80 mm (height)×100-150 mm (length), weighs 10-30 kg and is made of cast iron, the plane frame can be handled more easily on site. In addition, because the joints of plane frames are jointed together with the joint parts, it is easy to form the hollow framing just by inserting plane frames, and because it is possible to join them in tight condition, the hollow framing can keep enough constructional strength.
Because each plane frame is made from cast iron, the joint which has the best shape which can improve the joint strength with the joint parts and the main framing can be easily joined as one. From this side, the strength of joining plane frames together can be improved. Because each plane frame is made of cast iron, when it is placed for shore protection and so on, the surface of plane frame provides iron, calcareous and magnesium, and creates nutritious water (mineral water) which is effective for organism growth. Attached bacteria promote water quality purification and propagation of alga, with that, the most appropriate environment for habitat of many types of organism including plants and fish, what is called the biotope, can be easily created.
Because each plane frame is made of cast iron with high quantity of carbon, the corrosion protective covering is created by reaction between carbon and other contained metal constituents, and it is resistant to seasons. It has enough corrosion resistance even under the water, and can be used for a long time.
Because each plane frame is made of cast iron, the same shape type of plane frame can be mass-produced by one cast type, and the unit price of plane frame can be decreased. Furthermore, for cast iron, besides iron, calcareous, magnesium and so on which are necessary elements for photosynthesis are mixed in as natural forms by liquefying. It is better to use the cast iron which is produced in a cupola and from the view point of improving the mechanical strength of panel frame, it is better to use ductile cast iron (FCD), moreover, austentite tempered ductile cast iron (ADI).
The above cage frame for shore protection and so on can be constructed by the following. By using the wedge-shaped part as the joint part, the joints can be joined tightly together by the joint part. Therefore the joint strength of panel frames can be improved. The joint part can be made of cast iron as the plane frame. Because the joint part is also made of cast iron, it can prevent corrosion by electric reaction, and bacteria which like carbon attach on the surface of wedge part, from this side, biotope can be easily created.
The same shaped joints are set on many plane frames as one, the different shaped joint parts can be used depending on the joining conditions of both joints. Therefore, most appropriate cage frames for shore protection and so on can be executed following the shape of the shore of river or ocean which is to be protected.
The joint has the central extending area (central tine) which is parted in the middle and has the pointy contacting face with the fixed degree, the right and left expanding parts (outer tines) which are set on the both sides of said central expanding area spacing equally, have the tilt contacting face on the outside of the point, and these base areas are attached to the base area of said central expanding area as one, and the pair of step forming panels (embossments) which is set on both sides of said central expanding area and forms the hook-shaped joint parts like this, the plane frames can easily be joined together straight, angled or crosswise and also joined vertically.
The perimeter of each plane frame is formed by the rectangle frame constructed with top and bottom frame members and right and left frame members, and with the vertical and horizontal cross pieces constructed within the generally rectangle frame. By doing so, it is easy to fill broken stones, stones and so on in the hollow framing, water can easily flow into the hollow framing, making it easy for bacteria to attach to the surface of the plane frame, promoting the purification of water quality and ferti
Lagman Frederick L.
Neuder William
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