Electric heating – Heating devices – Combined with diverse-type art device
Reexamination Certificate
2001-08-27
2002-04-02
Walberg, Teresa (Department: 3742)
Electric heating
Heating devices
Combined with diverse-type art device
C219S522000, C219S544000, C219S549000, C359S509000, C359S512000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06365876
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to cabinets with mirrored doors such as are installed in bathrooms, and more particularly to a cabinet having a door with opposed exterior and interior mirrors heated to a temperature exceeding ambient temperature to prevent fogging when water vapor is in the air.
2. Description of the Related Art
Devices for electrically heating and thereby defogging mirrors in warm and humid environments such as bathrooms have been disclosed in many patents. U.S. Pat. No. 4,665,304 to A. G. Spencer, directed to an electrical sheet heater sufficiently thin that it can be mounted behind a sheet of conventional mirror glass without preventing the use of standard mirror mounting hardware or frames, provides an extensive survey of the U.S. patent literature up to 1984. Spencer observed that although numerous proposals had been made to heat bathroom mirrors above the dew point so as to prevent condensation, none of these met with substantial commercial success.
More recently, U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,317 to R. Reuben discloses a heating device secured to a rear coated surface of a mirror, which includes two conductive strips attached at opposed edges of the coated surface and a resistive conductor element extending between the two strips. U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,334 to J. A. Marstiller et al. is directed to an electrical sheet heater attached to a sheet of insulating material that can be mounted on a wall or attached to a mirror back before the miror is mounted or hung in place. U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,809 to A. Ghiassy is directed to a planar resistive sheet heater which extends downwardly from and is supported by an elongated frame member disposed along the top of a wall-mounted mirror. U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,981 to B. Feldman et al. discloses an electric heating unit for attachment to a rear surface of a mirror which operates at low voltage and restricts the size of the heated area to conserve power. The unit includes a heat barrier formed of a layer of closed cell plastic foam, an insulated low resistance heater wire mounted on the surface of the foam layer, aluminum foil covering the wire and foam surface, and an adhesive layer with peel-off backing to permit attachment of the unit to a mirror. U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,501 to H. Zorn discloses a heated exterior mirror for motor vehicles which includes a mirror glass with a transparent conductive coating on its front surface divided into two zones by a narrow non-conductive gap, an electrical heater thermally bonded to the glass front surface behind a reflective coating, and an electrical circuit connected between the two zones to sense changes in resistance and/or capacitance of the gap due to deposition of moisture on the front surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,284 to R. S. Teder et al. discloses a sheet of low emissivity glass with a resistive coating connected to a power source. A capacitor coupled to the coating is used to increase the impedance and control the power dissipated by the coated glass. When used in an insulating glass unit for commercial freezer and refrigerator doors, the heated glass prevents condensation from forming on the doors.
None of these references addresses the problem of heating two opposed mirrors separated by a small air gap, such as may be installed in bathroom cabinets. Typically, a planar (i.e., non-magnifying) mirror is mounted on or set into the exterior surface of a hinged door, and a smaller, concave magnifying mirror, mounted on or set into the door interior surface, is accessible when shaving or applying cosmetics by opening the door.
Each of the devices in the related art for electrically heating a single mirror is rigidly attached to or is otherwise in good thermal contact with a mirror surface so that heating occurs by conduction. For a door-mounted double mirror assembly, the spacing between the mirrors can be no greater than the door frame width, so using two laterally juxtaposed heaters would be infeasible in addition to being wasteful of energy. What is needed is a device which fits within the door frame and simultaneously heats both mirrors. A second problem arises because the parallel configuration of the mirrors and the materials used in their manufacture form a capacitor which can cause an electrical shock even when power is switched off. A mirror is made by first polishing one surface of a glass blank with an abrasive slurry which exposes a virgin surface to which is applied, after polishing and rinsing, a “tinning” solution of stannous chloride (SnCl
2
). Next, a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO
3
) is poured or sprayed onto the tinned surface to form a reflective surface which is then rinsed with deionized water. The silver coating is protected by a coating of copper sulfate (CuSO
4
) followed by one or more layers of protective (“mirror-backing”) paint. Because the stannous chloride, silver nitrate and copper sulfate layers are electrically conductive, a capacitor is formed. The charge stored in a capacitor is the product of its capacitance and the source voltage (here, 110-120 volts). Capacitance equals the product of plate area and dielectric constant (a measure of the ability of a material to hold electric charge without allowing current flow), divided by the distance between the plates. Since the plate areas (i.e., the metallic coating areas) are large and their spacing is small, considerable charge can be stored in a cabinet-sized dual mirror assembly heated by household current even when there is no dielectric other than air between the coatings. Consequently, a manufacturer of such cabinets must incorporate elements which eliminate the possibility of electric shock.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
In view of the limitations of the related art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cabinet with exterior and interior mirrors, mounted on a pivotable door, which can be defogged by a single electrical heating device mounted within the frame.
Another object of the invention is to provide a cabinet with exterior and interior mirrors which are mounted on a pivotable door protected against electrical shock.
A further object of the invention is to provide a cabinet with heatable exterior and interior mirrors in a door-mounted assembly that can be easily manufactured using high quality components.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a cabinet with exterior and interior mirrors which can be reliably defogged in a warm, humid environment.
Other objects of the invention will become evident when the following description is considered with the accompanying drawing figures. In the figures and description, numerals indicate the various features of the invention, like numerals referring to like features throughout both the drawings and description.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These and other objects are achieved by the present invention which in one aspect provides a cabinet including a cabinet body having a rectangular rear wall and a cabinet door pivotally attached to the body. The door includes a frame having parallel top and bottom portions and parallel left and right portions orthogonal to the top and bottom portions, the four portions determining a rectangular aperture. The door further includes: an exterior mirror having parallel exterior and interior surfaces bounded by top, left, bottom and right edges, with the interior surface circumferentially attached to the four frame portions; and an opposed interior mirror having parallel exterior and interior surfaces bounded by top, left, bottom and right edges, with the interior surface circumferentially attached to the four frame portions. The interior surfaces of the exterior and interior mirrors are parallel and separated by an air gap. The door further includes means for convectively and radiatively heating the mirrors.
In another aspect the invention provides a wall-mounted cabinet including a cabinet body having a rectangular rear wall and a cabinet door pivotally attached to the body. The door includes a frame having parallel top and bottom portions and parallel left an
Fuqua Shawntina
Gray Edward
Parkson Industries, Inc.
Walberg Teresa
LandOfFree
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