Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-01-25
2002-11-19
Berch, Mark L. (Department: 1624)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C540S350000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06482818
ABSTRACT:
DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As to the relevant background prior art reference is made to EP 0 079 244 A, EP 0 168 707 A and EP 0 169 410 A. Herein compounds are described which are in part structurally close to certain compounds of the present invention. However, the compounds disclosed therein are either antibiotics having only &bgr;-lactamase activity or antibiotics having only bacterial activity.
This invention now relates to novel 2-S/O— and S/N formaldehyde acetal derivatives of carbapenem-3-carboxylic acids of the general formula I
wherein R
1
denotes hydrogen, hydroxymethyl or 1-hydroxyethyl, R
2
denotes hydrogen or methyl and R
3
denotes a pharmaceutically acceptable group which is bonded to the remaining part of the molecule by an oxygen-carbon single bond or a nitrogen-carbon single bond and which is selected from the group comprising substituted or unsubstituted: alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkinyloxy, cycloalkoxy, N-heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonyloxy, heterocyclylthiocarbonyloxy, acyloxy, thioacyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyloxy, thiocarbamoyloxy, heterocyclyloxycarbonyloxy, heterocyclyloxythiocarbonyloxy, N-heterocyclycarbamoyloxy, N-heterocyclylthiocarbamoyloxy, heterocyclylcarbonylamino, heterocyclylthiocarbonylamino, heterocyclyloxycarbonylamino, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxythiocarbonylamino, thioacyclamino, N-heterocyclylcarbamoylamino, N-heterocyclylthiocarbamoylamino, carbamoylamino, thiocarbamoylaymino, imidoylamino, guanidino, N-heterocyclyl-alkoxycarbonylamino, N-heterocyclyl-alkylthiocarbonylamino and N-sulfonylamino where the foregoing alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, acyl, thioacyl or imidoyl molecule parts contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the heterocyclyl moiety is monocyclic or bicyclic and contains 3 to 10 ring atoms, of which one or more are selected from the series comprising: oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen and where the substituents of the above-mentioned groups R may be: alkyl, acyl, thioacyl, heterocyclyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, aminoalkoxy, amidinoalkoxy, guanidinoalkoxy, acyloxy, heterocyclyloxy, alkylheterocyclyloxy, hydroxyalkylheterocyclyloxy, aminoalkylheterocyclyloxy, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, alkylcarbamoyloxy, dialkylcarbamoyloxy, thiocarbamoyl, alkylthiocarbamoyl, dialkylthiocarbamoyl, thiocarbamoyloxy, alkylthiocarbamoyloxy, dialkylthiocarbamoyloxy, mercapto, alkylthio, hydroxyalkylthio, aminoalkylthio, monoalkylaminoalkylthio, dialkylaminoalkylthio, amidinoalkylthio, acylthio, heterocyclylthio, alkylheterocyclylthio, hydroxyalkylheterocyclylthio, aminoalkylheterocyclylthio, carbamoylthio, monoalkylcarbamoylthio, dialkylcarbamoylthio, thiocarbamoylthio, alkylthiocarbamoylthio, dialkylcarbamoylthio, amino, monoalkylamino, hydroxyalkylamino, aminoalkylamino, dialkylamino, oxo, oximino, or alkylimino, imidoylamino, alkylimidoylamino, dialkylimidoylamino, trialkylammonium, cycloalkylamino, heterocyclylamino, alkylheterocyclylamino, heterocyclylcarbonylamino, alkylheterocyclylcarbonylamino, acylamino, amidino, monoalkylamidino, dialkylamidino, guanidino, alkylguanidino, dialkylguanidino, carbamoylamino, thiocarbamoylamino, alkylcarbamoylamino, thiocarbamoylamino, alkylthiocarbamoylamino, nitro, chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, azido, cyano, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, sulphonamido, sulphamoyloxy, alkylsulphamoyloxy, alkylsulphonyloxy or sulpho, sulphoxy, carboxamido, N-monoalkylcarboxamido, N,N-dialkylcarboxamido or carboxy, where the substituents, independently of one another, occur once or several times and their alkyl moiety contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and where the heterocyclic moiety is monocyclic or bicyclic and contains 3 to 10 ring atoms, of which one or more are selected from the series comprising: oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, which compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and amide derivatives are useful as antibiotics and as &bgr;-lactamase inhibitors.
Pharmaceutically acceptable groups R
3
, which are bonded via an oxygen-carbon single bond or a nitrogen-carbon single bond are groups as are customary, for example, in the field &bgr;-lactam antibiotics or &bgr;-lactamase inhibitors. Such groups are found, for example, in M. S. Sassiver, A. Lewis in “Advances in Applied Microbiology”, Ed. D. Perlman, Academic Press N.Y. (1970) or in many patents, e. g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,096,899.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein and in the claims, includes non-toxic acid and base salts and the salts of zwitterionic species. Salts with a base include inorganic salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, or ammonium and salts with non-toxic amines such as trialkylamines, alkanolamines, arginine or cyclic amines such as piperazine, procaine and other amines, which have been used to form salts of carboxylic acids. Salts with an acid include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate and the like and organic acid salts such as acetate, maleate, citrate, succinate, ascorbate, lactate, fumarate, tartrate and oxalate and other organic salts with acids which have been used to form salts with amines.
The pharmaceutically acceptable esters and amide derivatives as used herein, serve as prodrugs by being hydrolyzed in the body to yield the antibiotic per se. They are preferably administered orally since hydrolysis occurs principally under the influence of the digestive enzymes. Parenteral administration may be used in some instances where hydrolysis occurs in the blood. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable esters and amide derivatives include physiologically hydrolyzable esters and amides known and used in the penicillin and cephalosporin fields as, e. g. in Advances in Drug Res. 17, 197 (1988). Such esters and amide derivatives are prepared by conventional techniques known in the art.
The compounds according to the invention have several asymmetric centers and can thus exist in in several stereochemical forms. The invention includes the mixture of isomers and the individual stereoisomers. The most preferred compounds of formula I have the 1R, 5S and 6S configuration of the substituted carbapenem nucleus and the 1′R or the 1′S configuration of the 6-(1-hydroxyethyl) side chain.
Additionally, asymmetric carbon atoms can be included in the substituent R
3
. The invention includes the compounds having the R and S configuration in the substituent R
3
.
This invention also relates to processes for the preparation of compounds (I), pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and to methods of treatment comprising administering such compounds and compositions when an antibiotic effect is indicated.
The terminology for compounds of this class may either be based upon the root name “carbapenem” which employs a trivial and simple system of nomenclature (used in the general description). Alternatively, these compounds can also be described by the nomenclature according to the Chemical Abstract system (bicyclo-nomenclature) which is more appropriate to describe individual compounds of this family. Therefore the Chemical Abstract nomenclature is used within the Example Section.
The classical &bgr;-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins or the cephalosporins have partly become ineffective in the therapy of infectious diseases because of bacterial resistance. Besides the natural resistance of certain bacteria, many strains of pathogenic microorganisms have acquired resistance with continuous use of antibiotics on a large scale. Thus, most species of Staphylococcus aureus have become resistant against the penicillins and many Gram-negative bacteria such as
Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
or even
Escherichia coli
have acquired resistance against the cephalosporins.
Consequently, there is a continuing need for new antibiotics. This search is particularly acute for antibiotics which have a wide spectrum or are orally active.
Within the &bgr;-lactams, the carbapenems represent the most effective class of compounds. These are active also against most penicillin-
Berch Mark L.
Habte Kahsay
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