Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids – Apparatus – Treated material vibrating type
Patent
1991-06-11
1994-04-26
Bennet, Henry A.
Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids
Apparatus
Treated material vibrating type
34171, 34178, F26B 900
Patent
active
053055357
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a bulk material reactor comprising a travelling bed that is formed from the bulk material and is arranged inside a reactor housing. The bulk material reactor furthermore features, on its upper side, a feed device, a removal apparatus located on the underside of the travelling bed, openings serving to admit gas into the reactor, and an opening serving to let gas exit from the reactor. The aforementioned travelling bed is bounded on its underside by plates that are staggered in cascade fashion to form an overlapping structure that extends toward the side walls of the reactor.
Conventional bulk material reactors of the above-mentioned type are used in a wide variety of applications, examples of which are their employment in the mechanical filtering of gas-borne particles, wherein the bulk material serves as the filtration medium, such a procedure involving the adhesion to the bulk material particles of any materials contained in the gas; the thermo-chemical treatment of the bulk material itself wherein the gas, which flows through the bulk material, serves as the purifying agent. The travelling bed of bulk material is designed in such a way that the same amount of bulk material is removed from the process at the lower end of the reactor as is introduced into the process at the top. This design provides that bulk material will always be renewed in a process comprising, for example, removal of the impurity-laden bulk material at the lower end of the travelling bed and redirection of bulk material, pursuant to a regeneration process, to the upper end of the travelling bed. Special applications may also require the entire removal of contaminated bulk material, and its replacement with completely new bulk material. Gas-based thermo-chemical treatment of bulk material requires an arrangement in which treated bulk material is removed at the lower end of the process, while fresh bulk material is introduced at the upper end of the travelling bed into the thermo-chemical treatment process.
In all applications of the reactor, the bulk material should ideally be permitted to travel as uniformly as possible along the travelling bed, the manner of its feed at the beginning of the process, and its removal at the end of the process, being as finely regulated as possible, an arrangment permitting the gas flowing through the bulk material to follow pathways that are as uniform in length as possible.
A number of disadvantages attend the use of prior art systems for removing bulk material from the travelling bed. Because such systems do not as a rule permit bulk material to be fed to or removed from the process in a sufficiently regulated manner, continuous or unbroken travel of material along the bed is precluded; material is rather transfered out of the process stream in a more or less discontinuous fashion. The designs of prior art material removal systems have also been known to significantly limit the size of the region through which the gas is able to flow, the effect of which being a considerable reduction of the cross section through which the gas is permitted to flow in the zone of the removal device, a situation that impinges on the uniformity of gas flow through the bulk material. These circumstances are particularly disadvantageous in prior art bulk material reactors wherein the gas is forced to flow against the direction in which bulk material moves along the travelling bed. Although basically advantageous, the process of causing gas to flow against the direction of movement of the travelling bed cannot be effectively achieved in the prior art bulk material reactors.
Disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,776,534 is a bulk material reactor wherein the travelling bed is bounded at its lower boundary zones by means of staggered overlapping plates that permit gas to flow through the travelling bed against the direction of travel of the latter. The travelling bed is caused to travel by opening a shut-off device installed inside a discharge nozzle in the reactor. This procedure would naturally prec
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Bennet Henry A.
Gromada Denise L.
Nymic Anstalt
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