Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Openwork; e.g. – truss – trellis – grille – screen – frame – or... – Side-by-side terminus shafts; e.g. – truss
Patent
1982-12-17
1986-10-21
Perham, Alfred C.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Openwork; e.g., truss, trellis, grille, screen, frame, or...
Side-by-side terminus shafts; e.g., truss
52 1, 52404, E04C 330, E04C 336
Patent
active
046177760
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a prefabricated building element.
The present invention has for its object to provide a deformable building element which, in the environment in which it is to be used, obtains a contemplated, usually straight form.
It is well known that timber, fibreboard and other moisture-sensitive materials tend to be deformed when as a result of shrinkage or swelling, one side becomes longer or shorter than an opposite side. This is a common occurrence in, for example, doors of core-board and wooden studs, i.e. such studs as are used as spacer members between wall surfaces, and usually manifests itself in that one side is curved convexedly, while the other side becomes concave.
Also loads in one direction may cause similar deformation in building elements.
The present invention has for its object to provide a building element which, under the climatic and/or loading conditions to which the element is subjected during use, has an expected shape, which means that the building element under other conditions may have a shape different from the expected shape.
In particular, the present invention has for its object to eliminate the problem that heat-insulated structures are deformed by uneven moisture distribution in cross-section because colder parts will attain a higher moisture ratio than less cold parts. For example, it is not unusual that the outer part of a wooden stud, because of its lower temperature, assumes a state having a higher moisture ratio than the inner part of the stud, as a result of which the material swells and is deformed.
These objects have now been realized by imparting to the building element the characteristic features which are stated in claim 1 and, for preferred embodiments, the characteristic features which are stated in claim 2.
As will appear from the claims and the following description, the problem of deformation is eliminated or alleviated simplest by deliberately selecting, for the parallel elements to be interconnected by means of transverse elements, different moisture ratios or materials for "incorporating" a balanced camber into the building element, thereby to impart to said building element a pre-warping in such a direction that it tends to be eliminated or reduced primarily by climatic differences on opposite sides of the building element in the environment in which it is to be used.
The invention will be described in more detail in the following, reference being had to the accompanying drawing in which
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a vertical stud according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of said stud, taken along the line II--II in FIG. 1,
FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively a diagrammatic side elevational view and a cross-sectional view of a building element of basically the same type as the element shown in FIG. 1, but serving as a beam in an anticipated climatic environment having a higher moisture ratio at the upper side than at the underside,
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the element shown in FIG. 3, in an environment having the same moisture content at the upper side and the underside, for instance in a store-room,
FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrammatic sections of a house with upper and lower floor structures consisting of floor elements which, in principle, correspond to the beam according to FIG. 3 and are shown by full lines in the straight shape which is desired and by dash-dot lines and with exaggerated deformation in the shape they would assume if they were allowed to be deformed freely by variations in the moisture ratio.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a composite stud A according to the invention, consisting of two rather slender wooden elements 1, 2 interconnected in spaced apart relationship by a number of spacer members 3 in the form of wooden pins, the ends of which are inserted in holes provided in the stud elements 1, 2, for example throughholes 5 in one stud element and blindholes 4 in the other stud element. In the space between the two stud elements 1, 2, a heat-insulating strip 6 of, for example, mineral wool or
REFERENCES:
patent: 1923195 (1933-08-01), Finck
Armerad Betong Vagforbattringar AB
Perham Alfred C.
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