Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Means for supplying respiratory gas under positive pressure
Patent
1995-03-13
1997-09-09
Millin, V.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Means for supplying respiratory gas under positive pressure
12820418, 12820421, 12820524, 12820525, A61M 1600
Patent
active
056645627
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a breathing aid device, also called "ventilation device" or "ventilator".
Ventilation through inspiratory aid is a partial ventilation mode well known in resuscitation.
In the following, the respiratory exchanges brought about and/or assisted by an apparatus are called "ventilation". Channelling elements, such as a mask, a duct etc., which connect the patient's airways to the means for producing the gaseous flow in the breathing aid apparatus will be called the "patient circuit". The apparatuses covered by the invention are intended to aid, by means of a slight overpressure upon inspiration, those patients who, while suffering from respiratory difficulties, nevertheless retain a respiratory activity and a respiratory timing which are to be respected.
Inspiratory aid involves the application during the inspiratory phase, initiated in principle by the patient, of a constant positive pressure in the patient circuit of a respiratory apparatus.
In apparatuses for ventilation through inspiratory aid, expiration, likewise initiated by the patient, is passive and takes place at atmospheric pressure or under a positive expiratory pressure, also called PEP.
The ventilators used in resuscitation are complex machines, comprising several modes of ventilation, operating on the basis of compressed gases which are suited to intubed or tracheotomized patients, i.e. those provided with a breathing cannula introduced into the trachea artery through the nose or respectively through an incision in the neck.
Known according to EP-B-317417 is a breathing aid device in which the patient circuit comprises a pneumatically controlled expiration valve. During the inspiration phase, the control inlet of this valve is subjected to the pressure from a pressurized flow source, which closes the expiration valve and consequently connects the patient circuit to the pressurized flow source in a leak-tight manner. When a significant reduction in the inspired flow is detected, an electronic control device interrupts the operation of the pressurized flow source, the structure of which is such that its outlet orifice then finds itself returned to atmospheric pressure. This pressure is thus applied to the expiration valve, which allows the latter to open.
This device can operate only under expiratory pressure equal to atmospheric pressure.
Also known according to EP-A-0425092 is a breathing aid device comprising, instead of the expiration valve, a calibrated permanent leak orifice, while the pressure of a flow source is regulated at two different levels, according to whether one finds oneself in inspiration or expiration phase.
This device can operate only under positive expiration pressure, in such a way that the direction of the flow between the flow source and the patient is always oriented towards the patient, even during the expiration phases, in order to prevent expiratory gas from rising towards the flow source during the expiratory phases, to be reinspired at the time of the following inspiratory phase.
Also known, according to FR-A-2 291 739, EP-A-0 042 321, are volumetric apparatuses imposing on the patient the respiratory volumes and timing for patients who no longer have a respiratory reflex.
FR-A-1 492 136 also imposes the timing of breathing on him.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,257 controls, in an analogous manner, the wave forms imposed on the patient.
The first three of these documents describe a distribution valve arranged in the inspiration circuit and controlled so as to be closed during expiration. However, this is a valve driven according to parameters peculiar to the breathing apparatus itself so as to require a patient in a comatose state to breathe according to a determined cycle and with determined volumes.
The object of the invention is thus to propose a breathing aid device the basic structure of which is as compatible with expiration under atmospheric pressure as with expiration under positive expiratory pressure, while at the same time being relatively economical and compact, to be
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Deane, Jr. William J.
Millin V.
Pierre Medical S.A.
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