Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Plant – seedling – plant seed – or plant part – per se – Higher plant – seedling – plant seed – or plant part
Reexamination Certificate
2002-02-22
2004-03-16
Nelson, Amy J. (Department: 1638)
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part, per se
Higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part
C800S298000, C800S264000, C800S270000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06706953
ABSTRACT:
FIELD
The invention relates to a rapeseed (
Brassica napus
L.) line, plant, progeny and seed of the said line. Specifically, the invention relates to a mutant rapeseed line exhibiting canola type characteristics and adapted to grow in sub-tropical regions, such as India and China. The seeds of the invented line exhibit ‘Canola’ type characteristics when grown in the said region.
BACKGROUND
To increase the consumption of the rapeseed oil and utilization of the meal left after extraction of oil, plant breeders have focussed their efforts in developing varieties of rapeseed having low erucic acid in the oil and reduced glucosinolate content in the meal remaining after oil extraction. (i.e. erucic acid less than 2% by weight in the oil and glucosinolate content of less than 30 micromoles per gram of deffated meal).
Such lines of rapeseed developed commonly in Canada and Europe are termed as “Canola” or “double low” lines. Examples of such rapeseed lines can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,130 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,762. The plants provided by these patents have been developed through mutagenesis.
PRIOR ART
U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,758 issued to Wong et al relates to improved rapeseed plants, seeds, and improved endogenous vegetable oil having unusually low saturated fatty acid content. Further, the plant possesses herbicide tolerance. The total saturated fatty acid content in the oil yielded by the seeds of these plants is in the range of 2-4% by weight and the erucic acid is not more than 2% by weight based on the total fatty acid content. The plants are obtained by mutagenesis.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,338 provides
Brassica napus
plants which produce non-hydrogenated canola oil for food applications. The oil contains 74-80% oleic acid having oxidative stability from 35-40 AOM. This plant again has been grown and tested in various regions in Canada.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,859,350 provides a canola variety producing a seed which yield oil containing less than or equal to 7% linolenic acid and a total glucosinolate content of less than 18 &mgr;.mol/g of defatted meal. U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,762 provides Brassica seed having maximum glucosinolate content of 3.4 &mgr;.mol/g of seed.
All the patents described above relate to plants, their progenies and seeds which have been improved with respect to their oil quality or provide improved meal. The research or study leading to the development of plants in all the aforegoing patents has been done in Canada or its neighbouring countries. In other words, the plants developed according to the aforegoing patents are capable of being grown in Canada or its neighbouring countries, with a cold or cool climate, but not in countries situated in warmer regions such as India. Attempts to introduce the above or similar exotic canola type plants in India have failed due to substantial differences in the climatic conditions between India and the other canola growing regions.
It is pertinent to note that the climatic conditions in India during winter, when the crop is raised, are completely different as compared to the conditions prevailing in Canada in summer, when main crop of canola is grown as shown in Table 1 (a &b) and Table 2 (a &b) below.
TABLE 1a
Maximum and Minimum temperature at various
locations in India during rapeseed growing period.
R.S. Pura
Bhatinda
New Delhi
32.43 N 74.54 E
30.11 N 75.00 E
28.38 N 77.12 E
Month
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
October
28.4
15.1
28.9
19.6
33
14
November
25.9
9.1
25.5
11.6
28.4
6.8
December
18.1
4.1
17.05
9
23.2
3.8
January
16.4
3.3
16.5
7.4
23.2
1.5
February
20.2
5.7
21.4
9.5
27.2
3.8
March
23.7
9.1
26.85
13.05
31.6
7.8
Faizabad
Navagam
SG Nagar
26.47 N 82.12 E
26.55 N 70.57 E
29.49 N 73.5 E
Month
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
October
30.2
15.7
32
19.8
31.5
16.6
November
27.5
11.1
30
14
28.2
10.1
December
22.1
7.4
28.7
12.1
21.2
5.9
January
19.8
5.8
29
12.4
19.4
4.8
February
24.6
8.5
30.8
10.7
24.8
8.8
March
29.8
12.1
36.1
16.8
29.1
12.6
Morena
SK Nagar
Agra
26.35 N 78.46 E
24.12 N 72.28 E
27.10 N 78.05 E
Month
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
October
31.7
19.7
32.7
20.6
31.2
19.5
November
28.8
12.65
31.2
14.9
27.3
11.4
December
23.9
5.35
23.9
9.85
20.9
6.2
January
20.6
4.45
26.4
8.5
19.7
5.3
February
25.25
7.45
28.6
12.5
21.6
8.4
March
30.2
12.7
33.6
16.3
30
12.6
Kanpur
Nagpur
Pantnagar
26.28 N 80.24 E
21 N, 79.09 E
29.40 N 79.33 E
Month
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
October
31.2
20
32
21.1
30.2
19.77
November
29.6
13.8
29.55
15.8
27.73
14.06
December
21.1
8.9
27.95
9.8
22.7
9.13
January
20.2
6.7
28.2
10.45
20.97
7.6
February
25.7
10.9
30.95
11.3
24.9
10.06
March
30.9
18
37.95
17.05
29.03
14.03
TABLE 1b
Average sunshine hours at various
locations in India during rapeseed growing period.
SK
Month
New Delhi
Agra
Faizabad
SG Nagar
Morena
Nagaar
Nagpur
Pantnagar
October
6.7
7.8
7.3
6.9
6.2
8.1
7
7.37
November
5.5
7.7
7.7
7.9
8.2
8
7.8
7.9
December
4.6
5.7
5.7
5.1
7.5
8.2
9.1
6.7
January
4.6
6.4
5.9
5.1
7
9.2
9.1
6.2
February
7.2
8.3
8
7.4
5.3
9.1
8.7
8.3
March
5.6
8.5
8.5
7.3
7.7
9.1
10.2
8.5
TABLE 2a
Typical Temperature Variations in Western Canada
MONTH
MAX.
MIN.
MAY
20
8
JUNE
25
12
JULY
30
15
AUG
35
10
SEP
25
8
TABLE 2b
Sunshine hours in Saskatchewan (as difference between sunset
and sunrise)
MONTH
ESTEVAN
REGINA
SASKATOON
LA RANGE
MAY 1
15
15
15
15
JUNE 21
16
17
17
17
JULY 1
15
15
15
16
AUG. 21
12
12
12
12
The rapeseed crop in India is sown in the month of October when the temperature is suitable for germination and the crop is harvested at the end of winter, i.e. in March-April.
When Canadian Canola type varieties cultivated in India under the above conditions, it is observed that the plant continues to flower till late in the season. In February, the temperature starts rising and reaches around 40° C. by end of March. This forces the crop to attain maturity. It is contemplated that rise in temperature, after flowering could be responsible for poor seed setting. Consequently, increased incidence of flower abortions, poor seed setting, seed size & seed yield etc. are observed in these varieties. Relationship between the curtailed pod length growth at high temperature and also abortion has been explained by Pechan P. A. and Morgan D. G. [J. of Experimental Botany 36:458-468, 1985].
It has emerged that the acclimatization of exotic
B.napus
L. lines like canola to traditional mustard growing areas in India has almost no scope for commercial exploitation. Agarwal, P. K. [Indian J. Experimental Biology, 9: 252-254, 1971].
Breeding Challenges
Developing widely adaptable canola quality rapeseed for commercial cultivation in the Indian sub-continent is a challenging task.
The rapeseed varieties released in India grow only northern
orth-western regions of the country where cool climate is available for production of commercially acceptable seed yield. These lines, however, do not possess the Canola quality characteristics which are desirable from quality point of view.
Thus, there is a need to develop canola-type rapeseed lines that are suitable for commercial cultivation in sub-tropical regions like India with seed yield comparable to that of native Indian rapeseed-mustard varieties and also reatin their canola type characteristics.
Objects
The main object of the invention is to provide mutant seeds of
Brassica napus
that exhibit canola type characteristics and are suitable for commercial cultivation in sub-tropical regions.
Another object is to provide mutant seeds of
Brassica napus
that exhibit canola characteristics and mature within 150 days after sowing (DAS) under sub-tropical conditions.
Yet another object is to provide mutant seeds of
Brassica napus
seed that yield oil whose erucic acid content when grown in sub-tropical regions does not exceed 2%.
Still another object is to provide mutant seeds of
Brassica napus
wherein seed contains 9.4 micromoles of glucosinolate per gram of seed which is almost equivalent to 17 micromoles of glucosinolate per gram of defatted meal.
Further object is to provide mutant lines of
Brassica napus
having stable morphological and agronomic character
Birch & Stewart Kolasch & Birch, LLP
Dhara Vegetable Oil and Food Company Limited
Kruse David H
Nelson Amy J.
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