Braille cell provided with an actuator comprising a mechanically

Details Braille cell provided with an actuator comprising a mechanically Braille cell provided with an actuator comprising a mechanically

1996-03-27

1998-06-16

Smith, Jeffrey A.

Education and demonstration

Communication aids for the handicapped

Tactile reading aid

3404071, G09B 2100

Patent

active

057660131

ABSTRACT:
A braille cell with an actuator responds mechanically on the application of an electrical current. The cell includes an intrinsic conducting polymer, the polymer being in contact with an ion supplying compound. The polymer and the ion supplying compound may abut against each other in layers and may undergo jointly a shape and/or volume change.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4758165 (1988-07-01), Tieman et al.
patent: 4935164 (1990-06-01), Wessling et al.
patent: 4943497 (1990-07-01), Oishi et al.
patent: 4989958 (1991-02-01), Hamada et al.
patent: 5028354 (1991-07-01), Smith et al.
A.C.R. Hogervorst en R.H.M. van de Lour, "Intrinsiek geleidende polymeren nu beter verwerkbaar", pp. 33-35, TNO-Industrie. Dec. 1991.
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 36, No. 05, May 1993, Thermal Braille Transducer, p. 3.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, JP1167254, Jun. 30, 1989, Toshiyuki.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, JP61211963, Sep. 20, 1986, Koji.

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