Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1994-06-17
1996-07-23
McElheny, Jr., Donald E.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
364557, G06F169800
Patent
active
055396372
ABSTRACT:
A process and device for managing irrigation of plants or crops using crop canopy temperate measurements by use of a specific time threshold. In this process, the canopy temperature of the target plant is repeatedly measured with an infrared thermometer. After each measurement, the canopy temperature is compared with a predetermined threshold canopy temperature, above which temperature the plant is thermally stressed. If the measured canopy temperature is less than or equal to the threshold canopy temperature, or if the existing humidity is restrictive to plant cooling, then irrigation is not indicated and the canopy temperature measurement is repeated at its designated time. However, if both the measured canopy temperature is greater than the threshold temperature, and the humidity is not restrictive to plant cooling, then an increment of time is added to a time register. The accumulated time in the time register is then compared to the time threshold, a predetermined constant defined as about the mean of the length of time per day that the canopy temperature for the plant, in a well-watered and non-stressed condition, exceeded the threshold canopy temperature in the target geographical area. As long as the accumulated time is substantially less than the time threshold, irrigation is either unnecessary or ineffective to achieve transpirational cooling, and the process is again repeated with measurement of the canopy temperature. However, once the accumulated time exceeds or is approximately equal to the time threshold, transpirational cooling is indicated and an irrigation signal is generated.
REFERENCES:
Wanjura, D. F., et al., "Evaluating Temperature-Time Thresholds for Scheduling Irrigation", 1993 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers and The Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, Spokane, Washington, Jun. 20-23, 1993, Paper No. 932052.
Upchurch, D. R., et al., "Automating Trickle-Irrigation Using Continuous Canopy Temperature Measurements", Acta Horticulturae 278, 1990, pp. 299-308.
Wanjura, D. F., et al., "Automated Irrigation Based on Threshold Canopy Temperature", Transactions of the ASAE-American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Jan.-Feb. 1992, vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 153-159.
Burke, J. J., et al., "A Thermal Stress Index for Cotton", Agronomy Journal, 1990, vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 526-530.
Wanjura, D. F., et al., "Evaluating Decision Criteria for Irrigation Scheduling of Cotton", Transactions of the ASAE, published by American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1990, vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 512-518.
Burke, John J., et al., "Optimal Thermal Environments for Plant Metabolic Processes (Cucumis sativus L)", Plant Physiol., 1993, 102, pp. 295-302.
Ferguson, David L., et al., "Influence of Water and Temperature Stress On the Temperature of Dependence of the Reappearance of Variable Fluorescence Following Illumination", Plant Physiol, 1991, 97, pp. 188-192.
Peeler, Thomas C., et al., "The Influence of Dark Adaptation Temperature on the Reappearance of Variable Fluorescence Following Illumination", Plant Physiol, 1988, 86, pp. 0152-1504.
Burke, John J., "Variation Among Species in the Temperature Dependence of the Reappearance of Variable Fluorescence Following Illumination", Plant Physiol., 1990, 93, pp. 652-656.
Wanjura, D. F., et al., Cotton Irrigation Using the "Thermal Kinetic Window Criteria", 1988 Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Production Conference.
Burke, J. J., et al., "Crop-Specific Thermal Kinetc Windows in Relation to Wheat and Cotton Biomass Production", Agronomy Journal, vol. 80, Jul.-Aug. 1988, No. 4, pp. 553-556.
Burke, John J., et al., "Leaf Temperature and Transpirational Control in Cotton", Environmental and Experimental Botany, 1989, vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 487-492.
Burke John J.
Mahan James R.
Upchurch Dan R.
Wanjura Donald F.
Deck Randall E.
Fado John D.
McElheny Jr. Donald E.
Silverstein M. Howard
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of
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