Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Bacteria or actinomycetales
Patent
1994-11-01
1999-02-09
Marx, Irene
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Bacteria or actinomycetales
424 9346, 424 9347, 424 93462, 4352521, 4352525, A61K 3907
Patent
active
058690387
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to novel bacterial isolates and to their use as agents, or source of agents, antagonistic to growth of rot causing organisms. Particularly the present invention provides novel isolates of bacteria of species Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia plymuthica, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilis and Bacillus polymyxa which are particularly effective in inhibiting the growth of organisms of the post-harvest disease causing fungi Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. Further provided are antibiotics derived from the Bacillus species.
Post-harvest losses during storage of plant produce are caused, inter alia, by water loss, leaf senescence, regrowth and rotting, the latter particularly caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens. Such post-harvest losses can be greatly reduced by storage at low temperatures (eg. 1.degree.-20.degree. C.) and high relative humidity (eg. 95%) (Robinson et al. 1975). Under these storage conditions B. cinerea is the prevalent fungus found on stored cabbages and the main reason for losses (Geeson 1978, Brown et al. 1975); it being an opportunistic pathogen of a wide range of leafy vegetables attacking weakened, wounded or senescent leaf tissues and is also known to attack various fruit (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,384). Healthy leaf tissues have, however, been described as being highly resistant to Botrytis attack (Newhook 1951). Initial resistance of the exposed outer leaves is also likely to be the reason for the finding that Botrytis rot of cabbages usually starts after 2-3 months of cold storage and is often confined to the outer, dried out, senescent cabbage leaves (Wale 1980).
To prevent fungal spoilage it is common practice in many countries to spray cabbages with systemic fungicides in the field and to dip harvested cabbage heads in fungicide solutions prior to storage (Brown et al. 1975). Since the oncogenic nature of many of the most commonly used fungicides is increasingly recognized and because the persistence of most fungicides is increased by the low storage temperatures the postharvest use of fungicides is of growing concern.
Additionally, resistance to the fungicides, used has been reported (Spotts & Cervantes 1986) and suppression of the main spoilage organism B. cinerea by fungicides such as BENOMYL fungicide has been shown to result in increased population of A. brassicicola which causes a more penetrating rot of cabbage heads than B. cinerea (Wale & Epton 1979).
Control of host-harvest fungal pathogens by bacteria and yeast antagonists such as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas syringae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Debaryomyces hansenii has been described for a variety of stored vegetables and fruit including apple, apricot, cherry, citrus, grape, nectarine, peach, pear, pepper, persimmon, plum, potato and tomato (see Wilson & Wisniewski, 1989, for a recent review). However, the majority of studies have only investigated the antagonistic effects at temperatures of around 20.degree. C., but not at temperatures of between 1.degree. and 10.degree. C. which are used for commercial storage of most fruit and vegetables. Additionally very few publications have tested the persistence of antagonists on plant surfaces or compared microbial populations on stored plant organs with the antagonistic microflora.
The present invention provides novel bacterial isolates of species which have the property of inhibiting the growth of fungal species on post-harvest products; these being species of Pseudomonas, Serratia and Bacillus. Most advantageously, the Pseudomonas and Serratia isolates of the present invention have the property of being able to inhibit fungal growth at cold storage temperatures, eg. below 10.degree. C., typically from 0.degree. to 4.degree. C. Furthermore, the Bacillus isolates have the property of expressing an antibiotically active fraction also provided by the invention which itself is capable of isolation in pure or semipure from and being used to inhibit growth of such fun
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Epton Harold A S
Leifert Carlo
Sigee David C
Marx Irene
The Minister of Agriculture Fisheries and Food in Her Britannic
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