Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Bacteria or actinomycetales
Patent
1993-04-15
1996-04-30
Wityshyn, Michael G.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Bacteria or actinomycetales
4352525, 435832, A01N 6300, C12N 120
Patent
active
055122795
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to biological methods of pest control and more particularly to methods and compositions utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of agricultural, horticultural and public health pests.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore forming bacterium which has long been known to kill insects. Many hundreds of isolates (strains) of this species have been listed. Cultures of these isolates are catalogued and maintained by the Agricultural Research Services of the US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Ill., and a number of other international collections, and are available to researchers on request. The release of some cultures require the permission of the contributor to the culture collection but most are available without any conditions. The spectrum of activity of these isolates and their potency against particular insects vary very widely.
The present invention comprises the use of B. thuringiensis isolates HD541 and HD571 for the control of Dipteran pests which affect plants and edible fungi. Accordingly the invention comprises a method of pest control in which agricultural and horticultural produce are protected against pests by the application of isolates of the sub-species kyushuensis to the growing plants or other horticultural products or to their growing locations. The invention also comprises compositions containing one or more B. thuringiensis isolates formulated for agricultural, horticultural or public health application. The two isolates, listed as HD 541 and HD 571 in the US culture collection mentioned above, have shown excellent promise for the purposes of the present invention. These have been available at the US culture collection since August 1979 (HD541) and December 1979 (HD571) and are available without restriction. However, in order to ensure their continued availability we have deposited them on Mar. 8th 1991 with the National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB2 IRY, Scotland under the Budapest Treaty. The deposited strains have been given Accession numbers NCIMB 40373 (HD541) and NCIMB 40374 (HD571).
The B. thuringiensis isolates HD541 and HD571 are known to have an effect on the dipteran insect Aedes aegypti (mosquito). However the level of activity against this insect is low, being approximately ten thousand-fold less than that of B. thuringiensis israelensis, the sub-species which is currently used for mosquito control. Isolates HD541 and HD571 have also been tested against other mosquito species but their potency was found to be too low to be useful for practical purposes.
It has now been found that the named isolates are highly potent insecticides for certain Dipteran pests other than the mosquito, especially for plant and mushroom pests such as the sciarid fungus gnats. The isolates of the invention, i.e. HD541 and HD571 are highly active against larvae of the mushroom sciarid Lycoriella auripila, the most damaging pest of mushroom crops in the UK, which causes severe losses in crop yield and is at present controlled mainly by the chemical insecticide diflubenzuron. A similar species, L. mali, occupies the same niche in the USA and Australia. The activity of the named isolates against these pests is significantly greater than that of other isolates of B. thuringiensis including some from each of the sub-species israelensis, dendrolimus, kyushuensis and morrisoni. The named isolates thus provide much needed new agents for the control of these pests. In addition to the sciarids, other mushroom pests which may be controlled by these isolates are the mushroom phorids. However, the named isolates do not have unusually good activity against mushroom cecid pests. Other Dipteran pests of agricultural significance include the Mediterranean fruit fly.
As indicated, the present invention utilises the natural isolates HD541 and HD571. The invention is applicable also to mutants, recombinants and derivatives of the natural isolates and which are active against Dipteran pests. Such derivatives include those obtained by genetic m
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Jarrett Paul
Pethybridge Nicole J.
White Philip F.
Agricultural Genetics Company Limited
Larson Kristin
Wityshyn Michael G.
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