Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Zeolite or clay – including gallium analogs – And additional al or si containing component
Reexamination Certificate
1992-12-01
2001-11-20
Geist, Gary (Department: 1623)
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Zeolite or clay, including gallium analogs
And additional al or si containing component
C516S079000, C210S616000, C514S770000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06319873
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an improved biological activator for a septic tank.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
French Patent 2,357,490 discloses a biological septic tank activator, in the form of a non-corrosive, non-toxic finely divided product of large specific area, which forms a support for the optional anaerobic microbial flora. The activator enables the bacterial saturation density in the septic tank to be increased for an equivalent quantity of nutrients and comprises: firstly a colloidal phase in suspension and, secondly, a flocculent phase. The patent discloses that the specific area of the biological activator is less than 1 m
2
/g. Also, the cation exchange capacity of a known biological activator of this kind may be put at about 9 meq/100 g.
Kaolinite particles are used per se as biological activators. However, use of kaolinic clays as the principal basic component of prior biological activators limits the values of the useful parameters for the biological activation function for a septic tank because of the actual physico-chemical characteristics of such clays. It is particularly the specific area and cationic exchange capacity which are limited depending upon the actual composition of the kaolinic clays. The specific area and cationic exchange capacity are important parameters in a biological activator. Inasmuch as these two parameters determine the ion exchanges, the absorption of organic substrates, and the fixation of bacteria and enzymes, the values for these parameters should be as high as possible in order to provide optimum biological activation of a septic tank.
A mixture of natural zeolites has been produced and sold under the trademark ZEOPORT B180. This product is known to have high porosity, high exchange capacity and the ability to absorb certain gaseous molecules. However, because this product has a high pH and brings oxygen which is detrimental for anaerobic bacteria, it has no, and in fact can have no, activation effect for use in a septic tank.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention, therefore, is to provide a biological activator which exceeds the limits of prior biological activators.
This object is achieved by the biological activator according to the invention which has, on one hand, a large specific area (in m
2
/g) between about 25 and 66, more particularly between about 35 and 66, and advantageously between about 46 and 60 and, on the other, a cation exchange capacity (in meq/100 g) between about 9 and 38, more particularly between about 14 and 38, and advantageously between about 24 and 35.
Consequently, the improved biological activator according to the invention has a specific area on the order of 30 or more times greater than that of the prior biological activator. The cation exchange capacity of the improved biological activator according to the invention is about 2 to 3 times that of the prior biological activator.
The improvements of the specific area and cation exchange capacity in accordance with the invention are obtained without any appreciable deterioration of the other important parameters of the prior biological activator. This applies particularly to the redox potential and the colloidal phase—flocculent phase structure.
This and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention broadly relates to a biological activator for a septic tank of the type comprising a product in the form of solid particles, which is non-corrosive, non-toxic, finely divided, and of large specific area, comprising in solution essentially a colloidal phase in suspension and a flocculent phase, having in solution a reducing power of mineral origin. The biological activator functions to form a support for the anaerobic microbial flora of a septic tank in order to increase the bacterial saturation density in the septic tank for an equivalent quantity of nutrients.
Thus, the invention is directed to such a biological activator for a septic tank which comprises in admixture particles of a kaolinite and particles of an essentially vitreous material. In an embodiment of the invention, the biological activator comprises in admixture about 70-95% (all percentages for constituents of the biological activator are by weight), advantageously about 80-95%, more advantageously about 80-90%, of particles of a kaolinite and about 5-30%, advantageously about 10-20%, more advantageously about 10-15% of particles of an essentially vitreous material. In one embodiment, the essentially vitreous material comprises microporous particles of at least one zeolite. Advantageously, the zeolite is a natural zeolite, e.g., chabazite or phillipsite. The microporous particles can also comprise a mixture of naturally occurring zeolites, e.g., a mixture of chabazite and phillipsite. In such a mixture, the chabazite and phillipsite are present in equal amounts.
Inasmuch as a mixture of natural zeolites is not known to be suitable, by itself, for use in biological activators nor is it in fact used by itself in biological activators, it has been discovered surprisingly that the addition of particles of an essentially vitreous material, in particular microporous particles of at least one zeolite, to kaolinite particles yields a biological activator with properties, as described herein, which are superior to the properties of prior biological activators.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2795542 (1957-06-01), Horne et al.
patent: 2905643 (1959-09-01), Billue
patent: 3968036 (1976-07-01), Liles et al.
patent: 4200524 (1980-04-01), Levin
patent: 4213871 (1980-07-01), Bavaveas
patent: 4626354 (1986-12-01), Hoffman et al.
patent: 4680277 (1987-07-01), Horiuchi
patent: 2 357 490 (1978-02-01), None
patent: WO 82/03386 (1982-10-01), None
Eparco
Geist Gary
Young & Thompson
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