Biojelly-producing microorganism, microorganism-containing...

Details Biojelly-producing microorganism, microorganism-containing... Biojelly-producing microorganism, microorganism-containing...

2001-07-06

2004-07-20

Saucier, Sandra E. (Department: 1651)

Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology

Micro-organism, per se ; compositions thereof; proces of...

Bacteria or actinomycetales; media therefor

C424S093400

Reexamination Certificate

active

06764846

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a biojelly-producing strain of microorganism, a coating and a coating film each containing said microorganism, and a method of preventing attachment of macroscopic aquatic life which comprises using said coating or coating film.
BACKGROUND ART
Aquatic creatures, such as barnacles, hard-shelled mussels, algae, etc., tend to attach themselves to underwater structures such as ships and fishnets to cause various troubles, for example inefficient navigation of ships with wastes of fuel or clogging of fishnets and shortening of their useful life.
The surface of an underwater structure is not only inhabited by macroscopic aquatic life, such as barnacles, hard-shelled mussels and algae, but also covered with a thin layer (slime layer) attributable to aquatic microorganisms and products of their metabolisms, and heretofore such a thin layer has been considered to be a fouling matter and removed.
On the other hand, however, there is a reported technology which lands on the fact that underwater structures carrying such thin-film layers are rather hardly receptive to macroscopic aquatic creatures. Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-8-133920 refers to such a thin-film layers not thinner than 0.3 mm as a biojelly and discloses a method of preventing attachment of macroscopic aquatic life which comprises forming such a biojelly on a structural surface.
Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-8-81308 and Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-8-92009 disclose that such a biojelly layer can be formed by coating an underwater structure with a coating containing a cinnamic acid type, silane type or benzylidene-aniline type compound.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism which, when an underwater structure is formed with a coating film containing it, produces a biojelly in water to prevent fouling of the structure with macroscopic aquatic life, such a coating or a coating film, and a method of preventing attachment of macroscopic aquatic life which comprises using said coating or coating film.
The present invention is directed to a strain of microorganism belonging to the genus Alteromonas and having the ability to produce a biojelly.
The invention is further directed to a coating containing said strain of microorganism.
The invention is further directed to a coating film containing said strain of microorganism.
The invention is further directed to a method of preventing attachment of macroscopic aquatic life to an underwater structure,
which comprises coating the surface of said structure with said coating or forming said coating film on said surface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is now described in detail.
The inventors of the present invention isolated a strain of microorganism belonging to the genus Alteromonas from the biojelly formed by using a cinnamic acid type, silane type or abenzylidene-aniline type compound as a biojelly-forming agent and found that, when a coating containing said strain of microorganism is used to form a coating film on an underwater structure, the coating film has an antifouling effect to macroscopic aquatic life. The present invention has come forth from the above finding.
In the context of the invention, the term biojelly means a slimy or jelly-like substance produced by some strains of microorganism belonging to the genus Alteromonas, which, when formed on an underwater structure, would prevent attachment of macroscopic aquatic creatures.
The following test can be used to ascertain whether such a biojelly is produced or not. Thus, 1 weight part of a cell suspension of the 3×10
10
cells/ml concentration is mixed with 70 weight parts of a 10 weight % aqueous solution of a polyacrylamide having a molecular weight of 13000, 10 weight parts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 0.5 weight part of ammonium persulfate, followed by addition of 0.2 weight part of TEMED. This mixture is coated on an acrylic plate, allowed to stand in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 2 hours, and kept immersed in seawater for 1 month. When a slimy or jelly-like substance is found on the acrylic plate and there is no evidence of macroscopic aquatic life adherent thereto, the particular strain of microorganism is regarded as a biojelly-producing strain.
The term “macroscopic aqueous life” means those organisms which attach themselves to underwater structures and grow in situ to the extent of each individual being distinguishable by the naked eye, thus including such aquatic animals as barnacles, hard-shelled mussels, oysters, hydrozoans, moss worms, ascidians, serupula, etc. and such aquatic plants as sea lettuce, shiomidoro and so on.
The microorganism for use according to the present invention is not particularly restricted as far as it belongs to the genus Alteromonas and is capable of producing a biojelly. As an example, the SHY 1-1 strain can be mentioned. The SHY 1-1 strain is a strain of microorganism which the present inventors isolated from the biojelly formed on a filter when a dish containing benzylidene-aniline powders and covered with the filter was immersed in seawater at 15° C. for 2 weeks and has the property to produce a biojelly with good efficiency.
The SHY 1-1 strain having the morphology depicted in FIG.
1
is a marine non-fermentative Gram-negative rod bacterium which is motile by means of single polar flagella. It grows luxuriantly on nutrient salt media enriched with sodium chloride to the seawater concentration level and produces polysaccharides. The temperature for growth ranges from 5 to 35° C., with the optimum temperature being around 30° C. The pH for growth is pH 3 to 9, with the optimum pH for growth being about neutral. While shake culture and static culture are possible, shake culture is conducive to better growth. In static culture, a thin film suspected to be a biojelly is observed.
The SHY 1-1 strain has the microbiological characteristics shown below in Table 1. In the table, the mol % (G+C) of the intracellular DNA is the value found by HPLC. The symbol NP stands for no characteristic colony pigmentation.
TABLE 1
Parameter tested
Result
Morphology
Rods
Gram stain
−
Sporogenicity
−
Motility
+
Flagella
Polar
Aerobic/anaerobic
Aerobic
Oxidase
+
Catalase
+
OF
−
Colony color
NP
Na
+
requirement
+
Salt requirement
+
Growth on 0% NaCl
−
Growth on 1% NaCl
−
Growth on seawater
+
Substrates utilized
Methanol
−
DL-malate
−
Glucose
+
Main quinone system
Q-8
Mol % (G + C) of intracellular DNA
44
Considering the above characteristics with reference to “Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology”, Krieg, N. R. and Holt, J. G., Vol. 1 (1986), Williams & Wilkins and “Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology”, Holt, J. G., Krieg, N. R., Sneath, P. H. A., Staley, J. T. and Williams, S. T., 9th Edition (1994), Williams & Wilkins, among other reference books, the SHY 1-1 strain was identified to be a microorganism belonging to the genus Alteromonas. However, because of the lack of characteristic colony pigmentation, no species identification could be made.
However, since there was no report about a biojelly-producing strain of microorganism of the genus Alteromonas, the inventors considered the above microorganism to be a novel strain, named it SHY 1-1, and had it deposited with the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (address: AIST Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1, Higashi 1-Chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan) under the accession number of FERM BP-7623 (date of deposit: Jun. 1, 2001).
The microorganism according to the invention includes not only said FERM BP-7623 strain but also spontaneous or artificial mutants of FERM BP-7623 and other biojelly-producing strains of microorganisms belonging to the genus Alteromonas.
The above microorganism, when it is incorporated in a coating system and a coating film is formed from the resulting coating on an underwater structure, produces a biojelly in seawater to prevent at

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