Biodegradable polymers, the preparation thereof and the use ther

Details Biodegradable polymers, the preparation thereof and the use ther Biodegradable polymers, the preparation thereof and the use ther

1997-07-03

1999-01-26

Short, Patricia A.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Mixing of two or more solid polymers; mixing of solid...

535434, 535445, 535448, 528288, 528290, 528291, 528292, 528301, 528302, C08L 7102, C08G 6548

Patent

active

058639918

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to biodegradable polyetheresteramides Q1 with a molecular weight (M.sub.n) in the range from 6000 to 80,000 g/mol, a viscosity number in the range from 30 to 450 g/ml (measured in o-dichlorobenzene/phenol (50/50 ratio by weight) at a concentration of 0.5% by weight polyetheresteramide Q1 at 25.degree. C.), and a melting point in the range from 50.degree. to 200.degree. C., obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of weight (M.sub.n) in the range from 5000 to 80,000 g/mol, a viscosity number in the range from 30 to 450 g/ml (measured in o-dichlorobenzene/phenol (50/50 ratio by weight) at a concentration of 0.5% by weight polyetheresteramide P1 at 25.degree. C.) and a melting point in the range from 50.degree. to 200.degree. C., obtainable by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of thereof, mixtures thereof, and individual mole percentages is 100 mol %, and consisting of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanediols and C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkanediols, functionalities and has the formula I thereof, amino-C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkanol and ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a single bond, a (CH.sub.2).sub.q alkylene group with q=2, 3 or 4, or a phenylene group, where the total of the individual mole percentages is 100 mol %, 1.5:1, of compound D.
The invention furthermore relates to polymers and biodegradable thermoplastic molding compositions as claimed in the dependent claims, processes for the preparation thereof, the use thereof for producing biodegradable moldings and adhesives, biodegradable moldings, foams and blends with starch obtainable from the polymers and molding compositions according to the invention.
Polymers which are biodegradable, ie. decompose under environmental influences in an appropriate and demonstrable time span have been known for some time. This degradation usually takes place by hydrolysis and/or oxidation, but predominantly by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and algae. Y. Tokiwa and T. Suzuki (Nature, 270, (1977) 76-78) describe the enzymatic degradation of aliphatic polyesters, for example including polyesters based on succinic acid and aliphatic diols. groups (urethane units). The copolyesters of EP-A 565,235 are obtained by reacting a prepolyester, which is obtained by reacting essentially succinic acid and an aliphatic diol, with a diisocyanate, preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate. The reaction with the diisocyanate is necessary according to EP-A 565,235 because the polycondensation alone results only in polymers with molecular weights such that they display unsatisfactory mechanical properties. A crucial disadvantage is the use of succinic acid or ester derivatives thereof to prepare the copolyesters because succinic acid and derivatives thereof are costly and are not available in adequate quantity on the market. In addition, the polyesters prepared using succinic acid as the only acid component are degraded only extremely slowly.
A chain extension can, according to EP-A 534,295, also advantageously be achieved by reaction with divinyl ethers.
WO 92/13020 discloses copolyether esters based on predominantly aromatic dicarboxylic acids, short-chain ether diol segments such as diethylene glycol, long-chain polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and aliphatic diols, where at least 85 mol % of the polyester diol residue comprise a terephthalic acid residue. The hydrophilicity of the copolyester can be increased and the crystallinity can be reduced by modifications such as incorporation of up to 2.5 mol % of metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. This is said in WO 92/13020 to make the copolyesters biodegradable. However, a disadvantage of these copolyesters is that biodegradation by microorganisms was not demonstrated, on the contrary only the behavior towards hydrolysis in boiling water was carried out.
According to the statements of Y. Tokiwa and T. Suzuki (Nature, 270 (1977) 76-78 or J. of Appl. Polymer Science, 26 (1981) 441-448), it may be assumed that polyesters which are essentially composed of a

REFERENCES:
patent: 5171308 (1992-12-01), Gallagher
patent: 5455311 (1995-10-01), Grigat

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