Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; pro – Continuous liquid or supercritical phase: colloid systems;... – Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-09-09
2002-04-09
Warden, Jill (Department: 1743)
Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; pro
Continuous liquid or supercritical phase: colloid systems;...
Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase...
C516S915000, C424SDIG001, C562S516000, C526S911000, C526S932000, C514S832000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06369118
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to emulsifiers, and in particular, to biocompatible emulsifiers that can be used to create stable emulsions, such as blood substitutes or drug delivery vehicles.
2. Description of the Related Art
Emulsifiers are well-known agents, such as soaps, that promote the formation and stabilization of an emulsion. Preparation of emulsions is relatively straightforward in most instances. When, however, the emulsion is a processed food or a biological fluid, such as artificial blood, the emulsifier must not only be capable of forming and stabilizing the emulsion, but must also be non-toxic to the person or animal ingesting or receiving the emulsion internally or externally.
It has been shown that certain amphiliphilic linear polymer-dendrimer hybrids can be used as surfactants. See Chapman, et al., “Hydroamphiphiles: Novel Linear-Dendritic Blood Copolymer Surfactants,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11195-96. Surfactants, however, differ from emulsifiers, in that the former is intended to interact with water, while the later must be able to interact both with water, or an aqueous phase, and must also be able to interact with a second, typically non-aqueous, liquid phase.
There remains a need in the art for a biocompatible emulsifier useful in creating stable emulsion for use in foods, drugs, and biological fluids.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an emulsion of biocompatible materials, the emulsion being formed and stabilized by a polyethylene glycol-dendrimeric-poly(lysine) hybrid. The hybrid may be a first through fourth generation polymer, with generation 3 polymer being preferred.
REFERENCES:
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Chapman et al., “Hydraamphiphiles: Novel Linear Dendritic Block Copolymer Surfactants,”J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 11195-11196.
Chapman et al., “Fluorinated Hydraamphiphiles: Poly(ethylene oxide)-polylysine dendrimer hybrids with multiple terminal perfluorooctanoyl groups,”Proc. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng., 1995, 73, 275-276.
Gitsov, I. et al., “Solution and Solid-State Properties of Hybrid Linear-Dendritic Block Copolymers,”Macromolecules, 1993, 26, 6536-6546.
Newkome, G.R. et al., “Cascade Molecules: A New Approach to Micelles. A [27]-Arborol,”J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 2003-2004.
Stevelmans, S. et al., “Synthesis, Characterization, and Guest-Host Properties of Inverted Unimolecular Dendritic Micelles,”J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118(31), 7398-7399 (5 pages).
Tomalia, D.A. et al., “Starburst Dendrimers. 4. Covalently Fixed Unimolecular Assemblages Reminiscent of Spheroidal Micelles,”Macromolecules, 1987, 20, 1164-1167.
Cole Monique T.
University of Pittsburgh
Warden Jill
Woodcock & Washburn LLP
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