Bicyclic metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands

Details Bicyclic metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands Bicyclic metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands

2001-01-25

2002-04-23

Aulakh, Charanjit S. (Department: 1625)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...

C549S023000, C549S397000, C549S216000, C549S213000, C549S005000, C549S004000, C548S252000, C548S254000, C514S382000, C514S456000, C424S001650

Reexamination Certificate

active

06376532

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
L-Glutamate, which is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the CNS, mediates the major excitatory pathway in mammals, and thus is referred to as an excitatory amino acid (EAA). The receptors that respond to glutamate are called EAA receptors. The EAA receptors are of great physiological importance playing a role in a variety of physiological processes, such as long-term potentiation (learning and memory), the development of synaptic plasticity, motor control, respiration, cardiovascular regulation, emotional states and sensory perception.
The excessive or inappropriate stimulation of EAA receptors leads to neuronal cell damage or loss by way of a mechanism known as excitotoxicity. The medical consequence of such neuronal degeneration makes the abatement of these degenerative neurological processes an important therapeutical goal.
EAA receptors are classified into two general types. Receptors that are directly coupled to the opening of cation channels in the cell membranes of the neuron are termed “ionotropic”. The second type of receptor is the G-protein or second messenger-linked “metabotropic” EAA receptor. This second type is coupled to multiple second messenger systems that lead to enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, activation of phospholipase D, increases or decreases in cAMP formation, and changes in ion channel function. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) have been distinguished pharmacologically from the ionotropic glutamate receptors by the use of the metabotropic glutamate-selective antagonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, generally through measurements involving phosphoinositide hydrolysis or Ca
2+
mobilization. To date the use of expression cloning techniques has led to the identification of eight mGluR subtypes, which have been placed into three major categories (Groups) based on their molecular structure, signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacological properties. Group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and 5) are coupled to phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, whereas Group II (mGluR2 and 3) and Group III (mGluR4, 6, 7, and 8) are negatively linked to adenylyl cyclase activity.
Glutamate receptors play a role in numerous neurological, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and psychological disorders, and a variety of mammalian disease states are associated with “abnormal activity” of these receptors. As used herein, the term “abnormal activaty” includes either an increase or a decrease in activation of the receptors as compared to normal function in said mammal. For example, metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands should be useful in the treatment of diseases or conditions including epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, pain, anxiety, spinal cord injury, chronic neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease), Lou Gherig's disease (ALS), Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis and other diseases or conditions that result in progressive loss of neuronal cells and or cellular function.
In order to better characterize the roles of mGluRs in physiological processes, there is a need to identify novel, high affinity compounds that are mGluR Group or subtype specific. Such compounds are needed for use as pharmacological tools for the further investigation of mGluR function, and should be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases or conditions associated with abnormal activity of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compounds that are ligands for metabotropic glutamate receptors. Accordingly there is provided a compound of the invention which is a bicyclic compound of formula I:
wherein
R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
7
, R
8
, R
9
, and R
10
are each independently hydrogen, carboxy, tetrazolyl, —SO
2
OH, —PO(OH)
2
, —B(OH)
2
, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxy, halo(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, hydroxy(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyloxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, —CONR
a
R
b
, —NR
c
R
d
, —SR
e
, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, diaryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl may optionally be substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyloxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and carboxy;
R
5
is carboxy, tetrazolyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, —SO
2
OH, —B(OH)
2
, or —PO(OH)
2
;
R
6
is hydrogen, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
3
-C
6
) cycloalkyl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, or (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl;
X is absent (a direct or single bond connects C
3
and C
4
), oxy (—O—), thio (—S—), sulfinyl (—SO—), sulfonyl (—SO
2
—), —C(R
f
)(R
g
)—, seleno (—Se—), —P(R
x
)—, or —N(R
x
)—, wherein R
x
is hydrogen, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, aryl, aryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, or aryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl;
each R
a
R
b
and R
e
is independently hydrogen, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, or phenethyl;
each R
c
or R
d
is independently hydrogen, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, or phenethyl; or R
c
and R
d
together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, pyrrolyl, morpholino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolyl, indolyl, or tetrazolyl;
R
f
and R
g
are each independently hydrogen, carboxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxy, halo(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, hydroxy(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, (C
1
-C
6
) alkanoyloxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, —CONR
h
R
i
, —NR
j
R
k
, —SR
m
, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, wherein any aryl or heteroaryl may optionally be substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
3
-C
6
) cycloalkyl(C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyloxy, (C
1
-C
6
)alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, and carboxy; or R
f
and R
g
together are oxo (═O) or thioxo (═S);
each R
h
, R
i
, and R
m
is independently hydrogen, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, or phenethyl; and
each R
j
or R
k
is independently hydrogen, (C
1
-C
6
)alkyl, (C
3
-C
6
)cycloalkyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkenyl, (C
2
-C
6
)alkynyl, (C
1
-C
6
)alkanoyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, or phenethyl; or R
j
and R
k
together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, pyrrolyl, morpholino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, pyrazolyl, indolyl, or tetrazolyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof;
wherein at least one of R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
9
, and R
10
is carboxy, tetrazolyl, —SO
2
OH, —PO(OH)
2
, or —B(OH)
2
.
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
Additionally, the invention provides a therapeutic method for preventing or treating a pathological condition or symptom in a mammal, such as a human, which is associated with abnormal activity of metabotropic glutamate receptors, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such therapy, an effective amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
The invention provides a compound of formula I for use in medic

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