Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-08-15
2004-08-03
Berch, Mark L. (Department: 1624)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C544S350000, C546S081000, C546S114000, C546S115000, C546S118000, C546S144000, C540S552000, C540S576000, C540S578000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06770647
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to novel bicyclic hydroxamates as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), TNF-&agr; converting enzyme (TACE), aggrecanase or a combination thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and methods of using the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There is now a body of evidence that metalloproteases (MP) are important in the uncontrolled breakdown of connective tissue, including proteoglycan and collagen, leading to resorption of the extracellular matrix. This is a feature of many pathological conditions, such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, corneal, epidermal or gastric ulceration; tumor metastasis or invasion; periodontal disease and bone disease. Normally these catabolic enzymes are tightly regulated at the level of their synthesis as well as at their level of extracellular activity through the action of specific inhibitors, such as alpha-2-macroglobulins and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease), which form inactive complexes with the MP's.
Osteo- and Rheumatoid Arthritis (OA and RA respectively) are destructive diseases of articular cartilage characterized by localized erosion of the cartilage surface. Findings have shown that articular cartilage from the femoral heads of patients with OA, for example, had a reduced incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate over controls, suggesting that there must be an enhanced rate of cartilage degradation in OA (Mankin et al.
J. Bone Joint Surg.
1970, 52A, 424-434). There are four classes of protein degradative enzymes in mammalian cells: serine, cysteine, aspartic and metalloproteases. The available evidence supports that it is the metalloproteases that are responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage in OA and RA. Increased activities of collagenases and stromelysin have been found in OA cartilage and the activity correlates with severity of the lesion (Mankin et al.
Arthritis Rheum.
1978, 21, 761-766, Woessner et al.
Arthritis Rheum.
1983, 26, 63-68 and Woessner et al.
Arthritis Rheum.
1984, 27, 305-312). In addition, aggrecanase has been identified as providing the specific cleavage product of proteoglycan found in RA and OA patients (Lohmander L. S. et al.
Arthritis Rheum.
1993, 36, 1214-22).
Therefore, metalloproteases (MP) have been implicated as the key enzymes in the destruction of mammalian cartilage and bone. It can be expected that the pathogenesis of such diseases can be modified in a beneficial manner by the administration of MP inhibitors, and many compounds have been suggested for this purpose (see Wahl et al.
Ann. Rep. Med. Chem.
1990, 25, 175-184, AP, San Diego).
Tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;) is a cell-associated cytokine that is processed from a 26 kd precursor form to a 17 kd active form. TNF-&agr; has been shown to be a primary mediator in humans and in animals, of inflammation, fever, and acute phase responses, similar to those observed during acute infection and shock. Excess TNF-&agr; has been shown to be lethal. There is now considerable evidence that blocking the effects of TNF-&agr; with specific antibodies can be beneficial in a variety of circumstances including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (Feldman et al,
Lancet
1994, 344, 1105) and non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus. (Lohmander, L. S. et al.
Arthritis Rheum.
1993, 36, 1214-22) and Crohn's disease (MacDonald et al.
Clin. Exp. Immunol.
1990, 81, 301).
Compounds which inhibit the production of TNF are therefore of therapeutic importance for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Recently, TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE), the enzyme responsible for TNF-&agr; release from cells, were purified and sequenced (Black et al
Nature
1997, 385, 729; {dot over (M)}oss et al
Nature
1997, 385, 733). This invention describes molecules that inhibit this enzyme and hence the secretion of active TNF-&agr; from cells. These novel molecules provide a means of mechanism based therapeutic intervention for diseases including but not restricted to septic shock, haemodynamic shock, sepsis syndrome, post ischemic reperfusion injury, malaria, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, mycobacterial infection, meningitis, psoriasis, congestive heart failure, fibrotic diseases, cachexia, graft rejection, cancer, diseases involving angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, OA, RA, multiple sclerosis, radiation damage, hyperoxic alveolar injury, periodontal disease, HIV and non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus.
Since excessive TNF-&agr; production has been noted in several disease conditions also characterized by MMP-mediated tissue degradation, compounds which inhibit both MMPs and TNF-&agr; production may also have a particular advantage in diseases where both mechanisms are involved.
Prostaglandins (PG) play a major role in the inflammation process and the inhibition of PG production has been a common target of anti-inflammatory drug discovery. Many NSAIDS have been found to prevent the production of PG by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Among the two isoforms of COXs, COX-1 is constitutively expressed. COX-2 is an inducible isozyme associated with inflammation. Selective COX-2 inhibitor was believed to maintain the efficacy of traditional NSAIDs, which inhibit both isozymes, and produce fewer and less drastic side effects. As a result, development of selective COX-2 inhibitors has attracted major interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Because of the significant roles of PGs and TNF-&agr; in inflammation, combined use of COX-2 and TACE inhibitors may have superior efficacy to either therapy alone in some inflammatory diseases.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,506,242, 5,552,419, and 5,672,615 disclose matrix metalloproteases inhibitors of the formula:
wherein Ar is carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl; R and R
1
together with the chain to which they are attached form a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline; R
2
can be hydrogen. The compounds of U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,506,242, 5,552,419, and 5,672,615 are not considered to be part of the presently claimed invention.
WO97/18194 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,207,672) depicts matrix metalloproteases inhibitors of the formula:
wherein A can be HO—NH—C(O)—; R
1
can be R
2
—X—Ph—B—; X is a bond or a single chain atom spacer; R
2
is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl; and, Q forms a ring as defined in WO97/18194. These compounds are not considered to be part of the present invention.
WO98/08850 illustrates matrix metalloproteases inhibitors of the formula:
wherein R
1
is hydrogen; R
2
can be hydrogen; W can be arylene or heteroarylene bridge between two adjacent carbons forming a fused ring. These compounds are not considered to be part of the present invention.
DE 19542189 presents matrix metalloproteases inhibitors of the formula:
wherein R
1
can be R
5
—X—Ph—A—; A is C
1-4
alkylene or —CH═CH—; X is a bond or a single chain atom spacer. These compounds are not considered to be part of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,866,587 describes matrix metalloproteases inhibitors of the formula:
wherein m and n are identical or different, represent 0, 1, 2; A represents an aryl ring or heterocycle; X represents —SO
2
—, —CO—, —SO
2
NH—; and R
5
represents optionally substituted alkyl, (C
3-7
)cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclic. These compounds are not considered to be part of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,471 describes matrix metalloproteases inhibitors of the formula:
wherein R
1
is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or hetereocycle; A is a bond, O, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; B is C
1-3
alkylene, —O—C
1-5
alkylene- or —CH═CH—; X is —CH═CH—, oxygen or sulfur; and R
2
can be HO(H)N—. These compounds are not considered to be part of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,311 discloses hydroxamic acid derivatives of the formula:
wherein X can be SO
2
; Y is aryl or heteroaryl; Z can be O, NH, CH
2
or S; R
2
can be hydrogen; R
4
and R
5
can be hydrogen; and R
1
and R
3
together with the atoms to which they are
Duan Jingwu
Sheppeck James E.
Belfield Jing S.
Berch Mark L.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company
Habte Kahsay
Vance David H.
LandOfFree
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