Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Organic active compound containing
Patent
1997-08-01
1999-09-14
Clardy, S. Mark
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Organic active compound containing
504345, A01N 3312, A01N 3744
Patent
active
059522674
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates generally to agriculture and in particular to methods of improving or controlling the growth of crops. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods of controlling stress and related conditions in plants during the growth of the plant, particularly in the early stages of growth and more particularly where the plant is cotton. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to the use of an osmolyte regulator, particularly glycine betaine, to control stress in growing cotton so as to increase the yield of cotton either by increasing the amount of cotton produced per plant or reducing the time taken to obtain mature cotton crops suitable for harvesting. The present invention finds particular application in methods of administering glycine betaine as the osmolyte regulator to control stress in growing cotton plants.
Although the present invention will be described with particular reference to the use of glycine betaine as one example of an osmolyte regulator administered to the leaves of cotton plants to control stress in the plants, it is to be noted that the scope of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiment but rather the present invention is more extensive so as to include the use of other osmolyte regulators, to other ways of administering the regulators, and to other uses of the chemical compounds than as osmolyte regulators, and to the use of the osmolyte regulators with other plants.
Cotton is a crop having considerable economic value. As cotton plants grow the are often subjected to stress in one or other forms. The plants exhibit being subjected to stress by shedding flower buds (known as "squares"), flowers and bolls. Consequently, the development of stress within the plants is easily monitored by being readily observable and demonstrable. Squares are most readily shed and bolls are least readily shed when plants are experiencing stress. The shedding of squares, flowers and bolls is thus an indication of the amount of stress to which the cotton plants are being subjected. The main causes of stress, and hence shedding, include too much or too little water, inadequate nutrition, low light intensity, or low temperatures, and the like. As an example, cotton plants readily shed squares in cloudy weather whereas the growth and development of cotton is enhanced by heat, provided it is not too excessive.
During the growth stages, cotton crops are frequently subjected to stress, particularly cotton crops which are irrigated, despite the use of sophisticated equipment to monitor moisture and water levels being supplied to and developing within the plants and to measure the amount of nutrients being supplied to the growing crop.
The development of stress in growing cotton plants hinders or otherwise reduces the amount of cotton produced by the plant which reduces the economic worth of the plant. Clearly, the more cotton produced by a plant, the more valuable is the crop. Therefore, any improvement in yield or the amount of cotton produced by the plant is beneficial. The improvement in the amount of cotton produced by the crop can be either an increase in the yield or amount of cotton being produced per plant, or a decrease in the amount of time that a cotton plant requires to mature to produce harvestable cotton. By retaining a higher proportion of squares a crop will reach a given yield earlier than a crop retaining a lower proportion of the squares, and thus can be harvested earlier. The result is an earlier crop that can be "finished" and harvested earlier under drier and more favourable conditions than a later developing crop which is more difficult to harvest.
Earlier harvesting of cotton plants improves the lint quality and gin "out-turn" of the cotton being produced and hence increases the price and profit of the crop.
Furthermore, as crops mature into cotton at different rates depending on circumstances, at any one time there can be a range of cotton bolls. Usually more than a single picking of the cotton is required owing to
REFERENCES:
Hanson et al., Chemical Abstract No. 52227g, "Replacement of Glycine Betaine by .beta.-Alanine Betaine, Choline-O-Sulphate...", vol. 123, No. 5, Jul. 31, 1995, p. 549.
Naidu et al., "Amino Acid and Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Cold-Stressed Wheat Seedlings", Phytochemistry, vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 407-409 1991.
Krishnamurthy et al., "Accumulation of Choline and Glycinebetaine in Salt-Stressed Wheat Seedlings", Current Science, vol. 59, No. 2, Jan. 25, 1990, 111-112.
Derwent Abstract Accession No. 89-104862/14, Class C02, JP 01052703 A, Nippon Zoki Pharm KK, Feb. 28, 1989.
Rhodes, D., and A. D. Hanson. "Quaternary ammonium Tertiary sulfonium compounds in higher plants". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44:357-384, 1993.
Golan-Goldhirsh, A. B. Hankamer and S. H. Lips. "Hydroxyproline and proline content of cell walls of sunflower, peanut and cotton grown under salt stress". Plant Science 69:27-32, 1990.
AB Tall (Holdings) Pty. Ltd.
Clardy S. Mark
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