Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-10-27
2002-06-25
Webman, Edward J. (Department: 1617)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
C514S375000, C514S366000, C424S405000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06410578
ABSTRACT:
The invention relates to benzazole compounds, a process for their preparation and their use as insect-, mite- and tick-repellent compositions.
Repellents and deterrents against insects, mites and ticks have the task of deterring harmful or troublesome arthropods from contacting, stinging, sucking or biting areas that are attractive to them, such as the skin of animals and humans, by means of prior treatment of these areas with such compositions.
In the context of the present invention, arthropods are understood to be in particular insects, mites and ticks. These include insects of the order: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Anoplura, Siphonaptera, Mallophaga, Thysanura, Isoptera, Psocoptera and Hymenoptera. However, the vermin which may be mentioned in particular are those which trouble humans or animals and carry pathogens, for example flies such as
Musca domestics, Musca vetustissima, Musca autumnalis, Fannia canicularis, Sarcophaga carnaria, Lucilia cuprina, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Chrysomyia chloropyga, Dermatobia hominis, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Oestrus ovis, Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans
and
midges
(Nematocera), such as Culicidae, Simuliidae, Psychodidae, but also blood-sucking vermin, for example fleas, such as
Ctenocephalides felis
and
Ctenocephalides canis
(cat and dog fleas),
Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Dermatophilus penetrans,
lice, such as
Damalina ovis, Pediculus humanis,
biting flies and horse-flies (Tabanidae), Haematopota spp. such as
Haematopota pluvialis,
Tabanidea spp. such as
Tabanus nigrovittatus,
Chrysopsinae spp. such as
Chrysops caecutiens,
tsetse flies, such as species of Glossinia, biting insects, particularly cockroaches, such as
Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana,
mites, such as
Dermanyssus gallinae, Sarcoptes scabiei Psoroptes ovis
and Psorergates spp. and last but not least ticks. The latter belong to the order Acarina. Known representatives of ticks are, for example, Boophilus, Amblyomma, Anocentor, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes, Rhipicentor, Margaropus, Rhipicephalus, Argas, Otobius and Ornithodoros and the like, which preferably infest warm-blooded animals including farm animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry such as chickens, turkeys and geese, fur-bearing animals such as mink, foxes, chinchillas, rabbits and the like, as well as domestic animals such as cats and dogs, but also humans.
Ticks are responsible world-wide for the transmission and spread of many human and animal diseases. Because of their economic influence, the most important ticks are Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Hyalomma, Amblyomma and Dermacentor. They are carriers of bacterial, viral, rickettsial and protozoal diseases and cause tick-paralysis and tick-toxicosis. Even a single tick can cause paralysis whereby its saliva penetrates into the host animal during ingestion. Diseases caused by ticks are usually transmitted by ticks, which infest several host animals. Such diseases, for example babesiosis, anaplasmosis, theileriasis and heart water disease, are responsible for the death or impairment of a large number of domestic and farm animals in the entire world. In many countries of temperate climate, Ixodide ticks transmit the agent of the chronically harmful Lyme's disease from wild animals to humans. Apart from the transmission of disease, the ticks are responsible for great economic losses in livestock production. Losses are not confined to the death of the host animals, but also include damage to the pelts, loss of growth, a reduction in milk production and reduced value of the meat. Although the harmful effects of a tick infestation on animals have been known for years, and enormous progress has been made using tick-control programmes, until now no completely satisfactory methods of controlling or eliminating these parasites have been found, and in addition, ticks have often developed resistance to chemical active ingredients.
The infestation of fleas on domestic animals and pets likewise represents for the owner a problem which has not yet been satisfactorily resolved. Owing to their complex life cycle, none of the known methods for the control of fleas is completely satisfactory, especially as most known methods are basically directed towards the control of adult fleas in the pelt, and leave completely untouched the different juvenile stages of the fleas, which exist not only in the pelt of the animal, but also on the floor, in carpets, in the bedding of the animal, on chairs, in the garden and all other places with which the infested animal comes into contact. Flea treatment is usually expensive and has to be continued over long periods of time. Success usually depends on treating not only the infested animal, e.g. the dog or cat, but at the same time all the locations which the infested animal frequents.
Such a complicated procedure is unnecessary with the present benzazole derivatives. For a particular advantage of the benzazole derivatives under discussion is that they are extremely effective and at the same time of very low toxicity both for the target parasites and for the warm-blooded animals. This is because their activity is based not on the death of the target parasite, but on the parrying defence thereof (as a repellent or as a deterrent), before it sting, bites or in any other way harms the host organism. The presence of the benzazole derivatives being discussed here appears to disturb the parasites in such a way that they suddenly leave the treated environment without biting or stinging, or even do not infest a treated host animal at all. An additional advantage lies in the long-term action, e.g. compared with DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), which although very effective, volatilizes rather rapidly and is therefore often difficult to apply. Usage of the present active ingredients is also pleasant because they are almost odourless.
Numerous active ingredients have already been proposed as repellents/deterrents (e.g. K. H. Büchel in Chemie der Pflanzenschutz—und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel; R. Wegler, Vol. 1, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1970, pp. 487 ff).
3-Methylbenzoic acid diethylamine (DEET), dimethyl phthalate and 2-ethylhexane-1,3-diol are particularly well-known and have been in use for a long time. Of these, DEET has become particularly important in practice (e.g. R. K. Kocher, R. S. Dixit, C. I. Somaya, Ind. J. Med. Res., 62, 1 (1974)).
Benzazoles are known to be used in various fields:
In Tetrah. Lett., 32(1) 1991, on pages 39-41, substituted benzothiazoles are disclosed as intermediates in the preparation of pharmacophores of anti-viral and anti-tumor alkaloids.
Substituted benzothiazoles are also used as intermediates in the preparation of dyes for light-sensitive silver halide emulsions (e. g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,601,963; DE 25 48 184 A and FR A 2 228 090).
6-Isothiocyano-5-methoxy-2-t-butylbenzothiazole is used to control ruminant liver fluke (U.S. Pat. No. 4,428,957), further isothiocyano-benzothiazoles find their use as bactericides, fungicides and anthelminthics (CH 565 164 A and CH 585 214A).
Further benzazoles are mentioned in e. g. Chem. Ber. 101, 1968, pages 4048-56; Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 61(10) 1988, pages 3637-48; Heterocycles, 43(2) 1996, pages 471-4; Indian J. Chem., Apr. 11, 1973, pages 315-7; DE 35 28 032 A; Tetrah. 24, 1968, pages 5569-74; DE 20 53 715 A; DE 24 29 562 A; Chem. Abstr., 53(6) 1959, abstract no. 5246c, col 5246 and WO 98 11095 A.
Certain benzimidazoles are disclosed as additives in pest-repellent combinations (Patent Abstracts of Japan 18(93) (C-1166) 1994 & JP 05 294828 A and 97(11) 1997 & JP 09 175926 A).
In addition, urea derivatives and carboxamides having insect-repelling activity are known (e.g. EP-A-22 653; DE-A-27 56 360; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,624,204; 4,356,180; EP-B1-0 467 045). A considerable disadvantage of the known repellents/deterrents is partly their relatively short duration of activity (usu
Bouvier Jacques
Christinaz Catherine
Froelich Olivier
Lee Michael U.
Nguyen Helen
Novartis Animal Health US Inc.
Webman Edward J.
LandOfFree
Benzazole compounds and their use does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Benzazole compounds and their use, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Benzazole compounds and their use will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2940005