Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Patent
1987-03-03
1989-01-31
Niebling, John F.
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
429203, 429204, 252 622, H01M 616, H01M 604
Patent
active
048015113
ABSTRACT:
Electrolytic cells, suitable for depositing a metal on or removing a metal from a substrate, are provided which comprise an anode and cathode, sulfuric acid, an a chalcogen-containing compound soluble in said bath and having the empirical formula ##STR1## wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 and NR.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R.sub.5 is a divalent organic radical, in which the molar ratio of the chalcogen compound to sulfuric acid is about 1 or more, and the molar ratio of water to the combination of acid and chalcogen compound is about 20 or less. These cells enable the use of higher concentrations of sulfuric acid than would otherwise be possible, minimize hydrogen and/or oxygen evolution at the electrodes with attendant advantages, and are useful in a variety of methods such as electroplating (including immersion plating), electroforming, electrolytic machining, electropolishing, electrolytic roughening, anodizing, electrowinning and as storage batteries.
REFERENCES:
patent: 1340708 (1920-05-01), Fjellanger
patent: 1903860 (1933-04-01), Gockel
patent: 2458839 (1949-01-01), Dyer
patent: 2549411 (1951-04-01), Bell
patent: 2712524 (1955-07-01), Reichert
patent: 2712525 (1955-07-01), Fischer
patent: 3087874 (1963-04-01), Greisl
patent: 3772167 (1973-11-01), Bharucha et al.
patent: 4116664 (1978-09-01), Jones
patent: 4214888 (1980-07-01), Young
patent: 4238556 (1980-12-01), Hradcovsky
patent: 4293391 (1981-10-01), Canaris
patent: 4310343 (1982-01-01), Verdegaal et al.
patent: 4315763 (1982-02-01), Stoller et al.
patent: 4384930 (1983-05-01), Eckles
patent: 4397675 (1983-08-01), Young
patent: 4402852 (1983-09-01), Young
patent: 4404116 (1983-09-01), Young
patent: 4445925 (1984-05-01), Young
patent: 4447253 (1984-05-01), Young
patent: 4482444 (1984-11-01), Frass et al.
patent: 4488942 (1984-12-01), Martin et al.
patent: 4512813 (1985-04-01), Young
patent: 4522644 (1985-06-01), Young
patent: 4589925 (1986-05-01), Young
patent: 4617244 (1986-10-01), Greene
patent: 4626417 (1986-12-01), Young
patent: 4629622 (1986-12-01), Yonezu
patent: 4673522 (1987-06-01), Young
patent: 4722986 (1988-02-01), Young
J. M. Kape, Plating, pp. 26-34, Jan. 1968.
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 021,201, filed Mar. 3, 1987, for Electrolytic Methods.
Sulfur Institute Bulletin No. 10 (1964), "Adding Plant Nutrient Sulfur to Fertilizer."
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 453,496, filed Dec. 27, 1982 for Acid-Catalyzed Reactions and Compositions for Use Therein.
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 673,508, filed Nov. 20, 1984, for Thermally Stable Urea-Sulfuric Acid Cmbinations and Methods of Manufacture.
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 688,689, filed Jan. 3, 1985, for Pesticidal Compositions and Methods for Controlling Pests.
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 444,667, filed Nov. 26, 1982, for Methods for Controlling Vegetations.
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 455,268, filed Jan. 3, 1983, for Cellulosic Compositions and Methods for Treating Cellulosic Materials.
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 455,317, filed Jan. 3, 1983 for Plant Seed Compositions and Methods for Treating Plant Seeds.
D. F. deToit, Verslag Akad. Wetenschappen, 22, 573-574, abstracted in Chemical Abstracts, 8, 2346, (1914).
L. H. Dalman, "Ternary Systems of Urea and Acids. I. Urea, Nitric Acid and Water. II. Urea, Sulfuric Acid and Water. III. Urea, Oxalic Acid and Water," J. American Chem. Soc., vol. 56, pp. 549-553 (1934).
Donald C. Young, application Ser. No. 442,296, filed Nov. 17, 1982, for Systemic Herbicial Compositions and Methods of Use.
Frederick A. Lowenheim, "Modern Electroplating," 3rd Edition, p. 63 (1978).
L. F. Yntema et al., J. American Chem. Soc., vol. 52, pp. 2693-2698 (1930).
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, vol. 8 (pp. 826-869), John Wiley & Dons, 1979.
Hsing Ben C.
Laird M.
Niebling John F.
Union Oil Company of California
Wirzbicki G.
LandOfFree
Battery cell electrolyte does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Battery cell electrolyte, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Battery cell electrolyte will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-177106