Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices
Patent
1995-01-09
1996-04-02
Johnson, Jerry D.
Compositions
Electrolytes for electrical devices
C10M10542, C10M10544
Patent
active
055037623
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to base oils with a high viscosity index and improved low-temperature behavior which contain complex esters and adipic acid esters of unbranched monohydric alcohols, to a process for the production of these base oils and to their use as hydraulic, compressor and motor oils.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has long been known that synthetic esters can be used both as a base oil and as an additive in lubricants. By comparison with the less expensive, but environmentally less safe mineral oils, synthetic esters were mostly used as base oils in cases where the viscosity/temperature behavior was expected to meet stringent demands and a low pour point was required, as in aircraft turbine oils. Recently, esters based on oleochemicals have been acquiring increasing significance because they combine high performance levels with biodegradability. Esters based on oleochemicals are generally divided into 5 groups, namely: monoesters, glycerol esters, dicarboxylic acid esters, polyol esters and complex esters. For technological and economic reasons, the dicarboxylic acid esters are derived above all from adipic acid, trimethyl adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, dodecanedioic acid and brassylic acid, C.sub.6-12 dicarboxylic acid derivatives in particular acquiring increasing significance because they show very good viscosity/temperature behavior. In the field of lubricating oils, the viscosity/temperature ratio is generally characterized by the socalled viscosity index (VI) which is determined at 40.degree. and 100.degree. C. in accordance with DIN 51562 and calculated in accordance with DIN ISO 2909. High VI values indicate that minor variations in viscosity are observed at various temperatures. Most of the dicarboxylic acid esters mentioned above have high VI values. Thus, linear dicarboxylic acid esters of adipic acid in particular, with VI values of 200 and higher, show very little dependence of viscosity on temperature. However, the disadvantage of the above-mentioned dicarboxylic acid esters of adipic acid is their low viscosity so that they are not suitable for all fields of application.
Complex esters made up of polybasic carboxylic acids and polyols and monocarboxylic acids show higher viscosities than adipic acid esters. Unfortunately, however, these complex esters do not exhibit such good viscosity/temperature behavior and, hence, have lower VI values than the dicarboxylic acid esters of adipic acid.
Although both the adipic acid esters and the complex esters show acceptable low-temperature behavior insofar as the pour point, i.e. the temperature obtained by adding 3.degree. C. to the temperature read off, at which the sample no longer flows after cooling, is of the order of -30.degree. C., it is of advantage for certain applications for the base oil to have an even lower pour point.
The problem addressed by the present invention was to provide base oils which would show improved low temperature behavior (pour point) and which, in addition, would have higher viscosities than the known adipic acid esters. In addition, these base oils would exhibit very good viscosity/temperature behavior and would have VI values above 200.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Surprisingly, base oils of certain complex esters and the dicarboxylic acid esters of adipic acid show better low-temperature behavior coupled with a high viscosity index.
The present invention relates to base oils containing to 36 carbon atoms,
The base oils according to the invention are products liquid at room temperature (20.degree. to 25.degree. C.). The complex esters and adipic acid esters present in the base oils according to the invention are so-called full esters, in other words these esters should not contain any free hydroxyl groups or even carboxyl groups per molecule. Instead, the complex esters and adipic acid esters should have no hydroxyl or acid values or--because esterification is never complete in practice--only low hydroxyl or acid values, preferably below 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
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Bongardt Frank
Windges Nicole
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Johnson Jerry D.
Ortiz Daniel S.
Szoke Ernest G.
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