Base oil for the lubricant industry

Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices

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Details

524314, 252 56R, C10M12968

Patent

active

052863972

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a low-viscosity ester oil resistant to high and low temperatures based on an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and a correspondingly selected Guerbet alcohol.


DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART

The history of ester oils goes back more than 50 years during which increasingly more efficient ester oils have been developed due to the particular requirements of the lubricant industry. The first generation of synthetic aircraft turbine oils based on diesters of adipic, azelaic and sebacic acid with aliphatic alcohols played an important role, particularly in civil and military aviation (see M. Wildersohn, Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik, Vol. 32, pages 70 to 75, 1985 and Ullmann, Vol. 20, pages 457 to 671, 1984).
By comparison with the less expensive, but ecologically hazardous mineral oils, ester oils are distinguished by better viscosity/temperature behavior, by a distinctly better load bearing capacity at high temperatures coupled with lower volatility and, in particular, by distinctly lower pour points.
Nevertheless, there is still considerable interest in new synthetic ester oils of which the use in vehicle oils and industrial lubricants is particularly in demand precisely when the load bearing limit of hitherto known ester oils and mineral oils is exceeded.


DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used herein are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about".
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide new synthetic diesters of dibasic carboxylic acids with monohydric alcohols which would be distinguished from known ester oils by improved temperature/viscosity behavior, as expressed by a higher viscosity index, and by improved low temperature properties, a lower evaporation loss and a higher flash point.
The technical solution to the problem addressed by the present invention is based on the choice of a certain alcohol component and couples this choice of the hydroxyl group component with the choice of a certain dicarboxylic acid on the acid side for the production of a new ester oil having surprising properties.
Now, the present invention relates to low-viscosity lubricant compositions stable to high and low temperatures based on ester oils prepared by the known esterification of a dicarboxylic acid with a fatty alcohol, characterized in that the ester oils contain the esterification product of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 8 and/or 9 carbon atoms and branched Guerbet alcohols or Guerbet alcohol mixtures containing at least 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
Numerous examples of ester oils made up of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid components are already known from the prior art, so that the choice of suberic acid and/or azelaic acid, preferably azelaic acid, in accordance with the invention may be basically regarded as known.
However, it is the choice of the alcohol component derived from a Guerbet alcohol or a mixture of Guerbet alcohols containing at least 12 to 20 carbon atoms which is the core of the teaching according to the invention, as shown in the following. The trivial name of Guerbet alcohol is used for 2-alkyl-substituted 1-alkanols of which the industrial synthesis is described in detail, for example, in H. Machemer, Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 64, pages 21314 220 (1952) and in G. Dieckelmann and H. J. Heinz in "The Basics of Industrial Oleochemistry", pages 145-146 (1988).
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Guerbet alcohol component of the ester oils is derived at least partly from 2-hexyl decanol, 2-hexyl dodecanol, 2-octyl decanol and/or 2-octyl dodecanol, the use of 2-hexyl decanol being particularly preferred.
The actual esterification reaction is carried out in known manner by reaction of 1 mol dicarboxylic acid with at least 2 mol Guerbet alcohol in the presence of an esterification catalyst, the water formed during the reaction being removed by distilla

REFERENCES:
patent: 4425458 (1984-01-01), Lindner et al.
patent: 4731190 (1988-03-01), O'Lenick, Jr. et al.
patent: 4830769 (1989-05-01), O'Lenick, Jr. et al.

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