Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – With means fusing solid spray material at discharge means
Patent
1990-08-17
1991-10-01
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
With means fusing solid spray material at discharge means
239 81, 239 85, B05B 720
Patent
active
050526197
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to equipment for applying protective coatings to workpieces, and more particularly to a barrel of an apparatus for applying coatings by gas detonation.
The invention can be used most effectively in mechanical engineering, especially for applying coatings of hard metal-ceramic alloys based on tungsten carbide, chromium, and titanium to parts intended to withstand intensive abrasive wear enabling to extend tens of times the service life of machines and mechanisms.
Another application is to prevent surface damage of machines and machine parts operating in corrosive media (such as acids, alkali, sea water) or used for closing heavy-current circuits.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wide uses have been found lately for apparatus for applying coatings by gas detonation where acetylene is employed as the combustible ingredient of an explosive mixture due to high detonation capacity of acetylene-oxygen mixtures, or, otherwise stated, due to the shortest combustion-to-detonation path of all the available explosive gaseous mixtures. These advantages of acetylene-oxygen mixtures allow the use of short barrels in apparatus for applying coatings by gas detonation to result in a saving in the amount of metal consumed for the fabrication of the apparatus and a high capacity thereof.
However, the use of acetylene as the combustible compound of explosive gas mixtures is fraught with hazards, sice detonation of acetylene-oxygen mixtures tends to propagate even through clearances less than 0.1 mm; in addition, acetylene is capable of detonation in complete absence of oxygen in the mixture.
These properties of acetylene-oxygen mixtures necessitate extra arrangements to prevent the breakthrough of detonation from the barrel of the apparatus along gas passages to the acetylene manifold (backfire).
There is known a gas detonation apparatus (cf., U.S. Pat. No. 2,869,924) in which backfire is obviated by providing a protective tubular coil to be filled with an inert gas (nitrogen) prior to initiating detonation of an explosive mixture serving as an obstacle in the path of propagation of the detonation wave, and other devices are used for preventing backfire.
However, the use of such devices fails to guarantee complete safety during operation of apparatus for applying coatings by gas detonation employing acetylene-oxygen mixtures. Safety can be ensured only through the use of hard-to-detonate explosives as O.sub.2 + methane, propane, butane and the like. An accompanying disadvantage resides in that the use of hard-to-detonate mixtures necessitates longer barrels than those in apparatus operating on acetylene-oxygen mixtures due to a substantial elongation of combustion-to-detonation path during formation of a detonation wave in the barrel and, as a consequence, resulting in a higher consumption of gas and reduced capacity of the apparatus through reducing the number of shots per second.
With respect to hard-to-detonate mixtures the combustion-to-detonation path exceeds 100 times the length of such a path in acetylene-oxygen mixtures.
In order to make use in apparatus for applying coatings by gas detonation of hard-to-detonate mixtures without increasing the size of the apparatus, while maintaining the output capacity and consumtpion of working gases, it is necessary to provide in the barrels special arrangements reducing the combustion-to-detonation path.
There is also known a barrel of a detonation apparatus having a coil at the walls thereof (cf. K. I. Schelkin and Y. L. Troshin "Gazodinamika gorenia", 1963, AN SSSR Publishers, Moscow, page 206) where propagation of the flame is accelerated through additional agitation thereof during interaction of the gas flow with obstacles, such as the coil turns. However, the use of the Schelkin coil in initiating hard-to-detonate mixtures affords a negligeable reduction in the length of the combustion-to-detonation path.
A device bearing the closest resemblance to one described in the present specification is represented in a barrel of an apparatu
REFERENCES:
patent: 2869924 (1959-01-01), McGill et al.
patent: 4215819 (1980-08-01), Garda et al.
patent: 4669658 (1987-06-01), Nevgod et al.
patent: 4687435 (1987-08-01), Nevgod et al.
K. I. Schelkin and Y. L. Troshin, "Gazodinamika govenia", 1963, An SSSR Publishers, Moscow, p. 206.
A. I. Zuerev, et al., "Detonatsionnoe napylenie pokrytii", 1979, The Sudostroenie Publischers, Leningrad, p. 172.
Gavrilenko Tamara P.
Krasnov Adolf N.
Nikolaev Jury A.
Podenkov Nikolai I.
Ulyanitsky Vladimir J.
Kashnikow Andres
Morris Lesley D.
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