Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Genetically modified micro-organism – cell – or virus
Patent
1991-12-09
1993-10-12
Robinson, Douglas W.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Genetically modified micro-organism, cell, or virus
426 2, C12N 120
Patent
active
052523292
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a bacterial preparation for use in poultry, especially for the prevention of colonization of the gut by human pathogenic bacteria, particularly Campylobacter spp.
Poultry is the most important source of human campylobacter and salmonella infections. The role of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli as common causes of human gastrointestinal diseases is well documented. The reference King, E. O.: "The laboratory recognition of Vibrio fetus and a closely related Vibrio isolated from cases of human vibrosis", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 98:700-711, 1962 proposed chickens as the primary source of human infections. Skirrow, M. B.: "Campylobacter enteritis: a `new` disease", Brit. Med. J. 2:9-11 (1977) demonstrated an association in some cases between human disease and contact with chickens carrying the organism on farms, in butcher shops and in home kitchens. This association was later documented in several epidemiological studies, e.g. Harris, N. V., Weiss, N. S. and Nolan C. M.: "The role of poultry and meats in the etiology of Campylobacter jejuni coli enteritis". Am. J. of Public Health 76:407-411 (1986). There are also several reports of outbreaks in which the epidemiologically implicated or suspected vehicle of campylobacteriosis has been raw, barbecued or undercooked chicken. According to Newsletter no 20 published by WHO in April 1989 the number of campylobacter infections has exceeded the number of salmonella infections in the last years in several industrialized countries.
In a study, carried out at the National Veterinary Institute in Finland, it was confirmed that a probable reason for susceptibility of broilers to salmonella colonization (growth and attachment) in the intestines was the delayed development of the normal intestinal bacterial flora. This delay is a result of the modern mass-breeding methods of raising broilers. Such animals have therefore a low defence against exogenous bacteria entering the body. E. Nurmi and M. Rantala, Nature 241:210-211, 1973 demonstrated that normal adult gut contents given to newly hatched chicks increased their resistance to salmonella colonization. Based on this pioneer work the theory of competitive exclusion (in the following CE) was formulated. Bacterial preparations especially for the prophylaxis of salmonella infections in poultry have been disclosed, e.g. in EP 6695, EP 33584 and EP 154478. The success in preventing Salmonella by competitive exclusion in broiler chicks has encouraged several working groups around the world to apply the same method for the prophylaxis of Campylobacter ssp. Soerjadi-Lien, Snoeyenbos and Weinack, Avian Diseases 26:520-(1982) and 28:139-(1983) have reported that when a 10% suspension of faeces from specific pathogen free (SPF) flocks colonized with an optimally protective microflora was administered to young chicks their resistance to C. jejuni increased. This research team further reported that the CE-effect of an administered microflora diminished with increasing doses of Campylobacter spp. According to other reports of CE on Campylobacter spp. no effect was found either by using CE-floras generated from faecal and caecal excreta (Stern, Bailey and Blankenship, Avian Diseases 32:330-334, 1988) or by using CE-floras generated from fresh adult caecal flora (Shanker, Lee & Sorrel, Epidemiology and Infection 100:27-34, 1988).
The present invention provides a bacterial preparation useful for the prophylaxis of colonization of human pathogenic bacteria in poultry comprising bacteria derived from an adult bird, from the microecological niche which pathogenic bacteria occupy.
The preparation of this invention comprises a bacteria flora, derived more particularly from the normal caecal flora and especially the caecal mucous layer of adult birds, which may be used for inhibiting the colonization of human pathogenic bacteria, especially Campylobacter, in young birds. The results reported herein disclose the reduction of the colonization of C. jejuni biotype 1 in broiler chicks. The bac
REFERENCES:
Rosende et al., Advances en Ciencias Veterinarias 1(1): 26-29 1986.
Poultry Science 1988, 67(7) 1026-1033.
Journal Hygiene 1982, 26(3), 521-524.
Avian Diseases 1982, 26(3), 521-524.
Canadian J. Microbiology 1985, 31(9), 832-838.
Veterinary Quarterly 1984 6(2), 73-79.
Food Microbiology 1984, 1, 143-147.
Avian Diseases 1983, 28(1), 139-146.
Epidem. Inf. 1988, 100, 27-34.
Aho Matti A.
Nuotio Lasse O.
Nurmi Esko V.
Orion-yhtyma Oy
Robinson Douglas W.
Witz Jean C.
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